BIF401 Grand Quiz

BIF401 Solved papers (plz correct if u see any mistake) solved by Zareen Fatima

Define mutation (2)

Answer: Mutations are:

• Replacement of amino acids with certain other amino acids in proteins
• Replacement of nucleotides with certain other nucleotides in DNA/RNA

Databases use for proteins (2)

Answer: uniport and swisport

Generally used databases and which type of information they store (3)

Answer: Genebank. Pdb, uniport swisport

• Locus
• Accession number
• Sequence
• Molecular mass
• Authors
• Journal etc.

Types of RNA and their functions (5)

Answer: RNA can be divided into two categories

• Coding RNAs
• Non-Coding RNAs
• Coding RNAs as is obvious from their name, code for Proteins
• Non-Coding RNAs regulate/assist in the process of translation

Types of RNA

1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a series of three-basecode “words,” each of which specifies a particular amino acid
2. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is the key to converting the code words in mRNA.
3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes. These complex structures, which physically move along an mRNA molecule, catalyze the assembly of amino acids into protein chains. They also bind tRNAs and various accessory molecules necessary for protein synthesis.
4. Micro RNAs (miRNA)

functions in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.

5. Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)

Small (or short) interfering RNA (siRNA) is the most commonly used RNA interference (RNAi) tool for inducing short-term silencing of protein coding genes.siRNA is a synthetic RNA duplex designed to specifically target a particular mRNA for degradation.

Uses of clustalw 2

Answer: CLUSTALW can:

• create multiple alignments,
• optimize existing alignments,
• profile analysis &
• create phylogenetic trees

Pseudonots 3

Answer: • Tertiary or 3’ structures may form pseudoknots

• A simple graph-based approach “Circular Plot” can help us detect the pseudoknots

A pseudoknot is a nucleic acid secondary structure containing at least two stemloop structures in which half of one stem is intercalated between the two halves of another stem. Pseudoknots fold into knot-shaped three-dimensional conformations but are not true topological knot

Uniprot swisprot

• Protein Sequences are reported from sequencing experiments
• This data is stored in protein sequence databases
• The famous ones include UniProt & SwissProt

Scoringatrix formula 5

s(a,b)=1/λlog pab /fafb