BIO101 Short Notes

Bio101 · Introduction to biology · Important short notes · From 28 – 45 lessons · Phylum Echinodermata

Echinoderms include common seashore animals such as sea stars (also known as "starfish"), sand dollars and sea urchins, along with hundreds of more exotic forms. An echinoderm is any member of the phylum Echinodermata of marine animals. The adults are recognizable by their radial symmetry, and include starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers, as well as the sea lilies or "stone lilies".

Phylum Chordata

The Phylum Chordata includes the well-known vertebrates (fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals). A chordate is an animal of the phylum Chordata. All chordates possess 5 synapomorphies, or primary characteristics, at some point during their larval or adulthood stages that distinguish them from all other.

What are the three main characteristics of chordates?

1. Chordata is most advanced animal phylum. 2) Notochord, a solid unjointed rod, is present in chordates at some stages of life. 3) A dorsal hollow nerve cord develops in embryo which usually persist throughout life in most chordates. 4) Gill slits r present at some stages of life.

Characteristics of Urochordata:

Possesses a Notochord, a hollow nerve cord and a post anal tail. Body has more than two cell layers and includes tissues and organs. Has a U-shaped gut. Body has no coelomic body cavity. Body wholly enclosed in a 'tunic' of secreted protein and cellulose-like material.

What is chordate metamerism?

In chordates the metamerism evolved independently for locomotion. Metamerism allowed the tail muscles to be arranged segmentally for the undulatory movement of the body.

What animals belong to the subphylum Cephalochordates?

What are examples of Cephalochordates?

These 5 synapomorphies include a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, endostyle, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail (see chordate for descriptions of each). The fine structure of the cephalochordate notochord is best known for the Bahamas lancelet, Asymmetron lucayanum.

Sub-phylum Vertebrata General Characteristics

Diversity of vertebrates: animals with backbones: The subphylum Vertebrata contains all animals that possess backbones, gills, and a central nervous system in at least one phase of development. Vertebrates include amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds, as well as the jawless fishes, bony fishes, sharks, and rays.

What does Gymnosperm mean?

Medical Definition of gymnosperm

: any of a class or subdivision (Gymnospermae) of woody vascular seed plants (as conifers or cycads) that produce naked seeds not enclosed in an ovary and that in some instances have motile spermatozoids — compare angiosperm.

Angiosperms Definition. ...

An angiosperm is a plant that produces flowers. The angiosperms, also identified as the flowering plants, belong to one of the vital groups of plants having seeds.

Definition of monocot

: a chiefly herbaceous angiospermous plant (such as a grass, lily, or palm) having an embryo with a single cotyledon, usually parallel-veined leaves, and floral organs arranged in multiples of three: monocotyledon Monocot's account for a quarter of all flowering plants.