BIO303 Midterm Merged Slides Handouts by Aarish Ali

Welcome to the course biochemistry-IIIn this course you will learn the principles of biochemistry and their application on health and disease. In the beginning we will discuss the concepts of bioenergetics.. As the terminology is self explanatory.. BIO and energetic.. Meaning that we will be dealing with the concepts of energy transfer in biological systems. Generally speaking, we know that the Living cells have to perform certain work to stay alive, to grow, and to reproduce. They should have the ability to trap energy and use it into biological work is a fundamental property of all living organisms, but they use it in different ways. Modern organisms use the chemical energy in fuels to synthesize complex, highly ordered macromolecules For example: Plants use energy in such a manner that causes them to release oxygen as a waste product, while animals (which includes humans, of course) require oxygen as a component to survive.

BIOENERGETICS · Bioenergetics is the quantitative study of the · energy transductions, that is.. changes of one · form of energy into another—that occur in · living systems, and of the nature and function · of the chemical processes underlying these · transductions. · fireflies convert energy into light · Bioenergetic processes

1. Glycolysis is a biological process in which glucose is broken down into pyruvate thus generating two molecules of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) per molecule of glucose 2. Gluconeogenesis is another process in which the cell synthesizes glucose from biomolecules such as proteins, amino acids and fats 3. Citric acid cycle generates molecules of ATP by oxidation of energy stored in food material

All animal and plant cells are powered by chemical energy stored in the chemical Bonds of organic molecules. Animals convert the chemical energy of fuels into motion and heat and

In a few organisms such as fireflies chemical energy is converted into light…

Lets look at some Examples of major bioenergetic processes occurring in nature ATP is the energy currency in biological systems Citric acid cycle, that is the process of cellular respiration generates molecules of ATP by oxidation of energy stored in food material These processes will be discussed in detail in coming lectures.