BIO401 Quiz

Topic 1

Introduction to

Statistics is a field of study that is concerned with: • The collection, organization, summarization, and analysis of data.

• The drawing of inferences about a body of data, when only a part of data is observed. • Statistics also plays a vital role in all the phases of research starting from the planning to the policy making.

BioStatistics is • The use of statistical tools for the data that is derived from biological sciences and medicine.

• Bio-statistical methods were used in the ancient civilizations like Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, India and China.

• One of the earliest known demographic / Bio-statistics study was conducted by John Graunt (1662). He developed life tables to warn off the onset and spread of Bubonic plague in London. • The Lady with a Lamp (1820 – 1910) • One of the early known Statistician who not only used statistical methodologies to detect the causes of deaths of British soldiers during Crimean War but also convinced Queen for evidence based policy making to provide better sanitary conditions for soldiers.

• Sir Ronald A. Fisher (1890-1962) • A Bio-Statistician • Evolutionary Biologist • Geneticist • He developed Statistical Methodologies to combine Mendelian Genetics and natural selection. • Famously known as “Father of Modern Statistical sciences”.

“To understand God’s thoughts we must study statistics, for these are the measures of HIS purpose”

Florence Nightingale(1820-1910)

END Applications of

Public Health Pharmacology Epidemiology Medicine Genetics Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics etc etc

Topic # 2

Average person thinks of a population as collection of entities usually People.

In Statistics it is Defined as “an aggregate of entities for which we have an interest at a particular time.” It can consists of Animals, machines, places or cells etc. Example:

If we are interested in knowing the weights of all the children enrolled in elementary schools of the Bahawalpur District. Then our population will be all the the children enrolled in elementary schools of the Bahawalpur District.

Types of Population

1.Finite If a population of values consists of a fixed number of these values, the population is said to be finite

Types of Population

2.Infinite If a population consists of an endless succession of values, the population is infinite one. Target Population Source Population

Sample Population

Study Target Population The General Population that the study seeks to understand.

Source Population The specific individuals from which a representative sample will be drawn.

Sample Population Individuals asked to participate.

Study Population Eligible participants.

Census

• A Census is a survey conducted on a full set of observations belonging to a given

• It is defined as “the complete enumeration of population of groups at a point in time with respect to well defined characteristics.

It is any summary number, like an average or percentage, that describes the entire population.

• These are the true values, which are usually unknown.