BT101 MCQs by Shahzad Anjum

Bt101 Mcqs:

• Jean Baptiste LAMARCK .

1744 – 1829

• Jean Baptiste LAMARCK He proposed a theory of evolution which is attractive.

• Small non-functional organs (vestigial organs)

• Rejection of Lamarckism, Weismann’s theory of germ plasm (1896–1910)

• Charles Robert Darwin (1809–1882) in England

• Charles Robert Darwin He joined school of medicine, Scotland in 1825 but he was not interested in being physician.
• Most importantly, Darwin spent 5 weeks on the Galápagos Islands.

• A group of volcanic islands 900 km off the coast of Ecuador

• ” Origin of Species” in 1859.BOOK NAME

• Evidences of Theory of Natural Selection, Three major evidences:

• Geology · • Fossil Evidences · • Galápagos islands

• Darwin was impressed by Charles Lyell and James Hutton’ s ideas of geology. Theory of uniformitarianism
• The earth could be much older than 6,000 years.
• Gradual changes over the time with changing environment was foundation of theory of natural selection.

• Extinct hippopotamus like animal, now called Toxodon · • Horselike animal, Thoantherium · • Horses, They were introduced in 1500

• Rhea in N. Argentina, Replaced in south of the Rio Negro by a smaller, browner Rhea

• Recent fossils are closely related to extant species

• Galápagos Islands, Which are named after the large tortoises that inhabit them (Sp. galápago, tortoise)

• 14 species of finches arose from this ancestral group, Galápagos Finches

• Inheritance is carried out by transfer of genes.
• Traits that promote successful reproduction are said to be adaptive.

• Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913), Co-discoverer of theory of natural selection

• Characteristics that increase the potential of an organism or species to successfully reproduce in a specified environment. Adaptations

• Adaptation is confused with fitness or adaptedness

• Genes of all traits are present in a population in form of alleles.
• Stock of different genes in an interbreeding population is called as gene pool.

• The process of genetic drift is analogous to flipping a coin

• Higher the number of trials, closer to ratio of 50:50.
• Smaller the number, disproportionate ratio like 70:30.
• Chances of incorporation of two adaptive alleles into gametes is equal.

• Types of Genetic Drift, 1)Founder Effect, 2)Bottleneck Effect

• When phenotypically different individuals do not differ genetically, no evolutionary change will have occurred.
• It occurs when number of individuals in a population is drastically reduced. Bottleneck Effect