BT302 Slides 1-167 by Zarva Chaudhary

Infectious vs · Non-Infectious · diseases · Infections

Contagious Transmissible Communicable Pathogens (Bacteria, Virus, Fungus & Parasites) e.g Hepatitis

Non-Infections

• Non-Communicable • Metabolic disorders • Genetic Factors e.g Diabetes Mellitus

Infections Vs Non-Infections

Importance of

Defense against infections: AIDS

Responsive against tissue grafts & newly introduced proteins: Barrier for tissue transplantation & gene therapy have an Response is antigen-independent Response is antigen-dependent

There is immediate maximal response There is a lag time between exposure and maximal response

Not antigen-specific Antigen-specific

Exposure results in no immunologic memory Exposure results in immunologic memory

Differences B/W Innate & Adaptive Immune System · Components of · System

Three (03) components or barriers of Immunity against infections Anatomical (Physical) barriers

barriers

Components of Innate Immune System · Physical barriers · of Innate · Mechanical Factors

Skin Epithelium membrane (Squamous) Desquamation (Flushing of microbes) Peristalsis/ Cilliary movement (GIT) Flushing actions of tears & saliva Trapping actions of mucus lining of respiratory & GIT

Physical Barriers of Innate Immune System

Chemical Factors

Fatty acids in skin Lysozymes & Phospholipases in tears, saliva, nasal secretions Defensins show antimicrobial peptides (GIT/Lungs) Low pH of sweat & GIT secretions Surfactants act as opsonins (Lungs)

Physical Barriers of Innate Immune System

Biological Factors

Normal flora of skin & GIT Prevents the colonization of bacteria By secreting toxins against foreign microbes Physical potential for utilization of nutrients by competing the pathogenic bacteria

Physical Barriers of Innate Immune System

have an