BT405 Final Term Solved Past Papers MCQs

Bt405

What is biochip 2

➢ There are different names for the microarrays, like DNA/RNA Chips, BioChips or GeneChips.

➢ The array can be defined as an ordered collection of microspots, each spot containing a single defined species of a nucleic acid. ➢ The microarray technique is based on hybridisation of nucleic acids.

➢ There exist two variants of the chips: · cDNA microarrays · oligonucleotide arrays · Properties of ceramics and glass 3

➢ Ceramic materials by definition are ionically bound; they are hard materials, both electrically and thermally very stable. ➢ Included in this category are, for example, Al2O3, Si3N4, MgO, SiO2, Na2O, CaO and ZrO2.

➢ Ceramics are characterised by being hard yet brittle, therefore, in many cases, they are used as composites where they are mixed with other materials (e.g. metals) to increase their mechanical performance.

Properties:

➢ High optical transparencies.

➢ Silica aerogels are made of pores of about 10 nm arranged in distances between 10 and 100 nm. ➢ They are resistant and chemically inert to liquid metals, heat resistant up to 1 200 °C and nontoxic. ➢ Biomedical applications, such as substrates for cell growth and analysis.

Features of sensors 3

➢ A sensor is a device capable of recognizing a specific chemical species and signaling the presence, activity or concentration of that species in solution through some chemical change.

Feature of sensor:

➢ Biosensor = bioreceptor + transducer.

➢ A device that utilizes biological components e.g. enzymes to indicate the amount of a biomaterial. ➢ A biosensor is an analytical device, used for the detection of an analyte, that combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector. ➢ The bioreceptor is a biomolecule that recognizes the target analyte whereas the transducer converts the recognition event into a measurable signal.

➢ The sensitive biological element

(e.g. tissue, microorganisms, organelles, cell receptors, enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, etc.)

is a biologically derived material or biomimetic component that interacts (binds or recognizes) with the analyte under study.

Application of biosensor in environment 3

etc..

Detail on bioreceptors 5

Biosensors:

The sensor which shows the reaction in efficiency is called biosensor. Biosensor can be enzyme. In other words enzymes can act as a biosensor. It is a device which makes the detection of analyte which connects to a biological part By a detector whose is physiochemical. The sensitive elements can be made by biological engineering. This kind of detector elements are very useful and known as biosensors. Biosensor reader are the devices which are electronically joint with biosensor.