CS101 Fundamentals of Computers Lectures 1-16

What is Computer?

DEFINITION NO 1:

Computer is an electronic device which takes some input, process it, and produce output.

DEFINITION NO 2:

Electronic machine operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory

•  Accepts data
•  Manipulates data
•  Produces results
•  Stores results

PARTS OF COMPUTER:

According to above definition we can divide computer functionality in to three main parts

•  Input
•  Output
•  Process

INPUT

video, graphics and animations and instructions. Instructions can be

•  Programs
•  Commands

INPUT · OUTPUT · PROCESS · Programs

Program tells a computer what to do and how to do? These are written instructions in some specific language.(languages will be describe future)

Commands

Command causes a program to perform a specific action. Like Ctrl+S for saving a Ms.Word Document

A user response is an action which is or can be done by answering any question from computer like You want to save that file? User have two options Yes or No, that is depend on the user what to response

PROCESS

Computer data processing is any process that uses a computer program to enter data and summarize, analyze or otherwise convert data into usable information. The process may be automated and run on a computer. It involves recording, analyzing, sorting, summarizing, calculating, disseminating and storing data. Because data is most useful when well-presented and actually informative, data-processing systems are often referred to as information systems. In computer processing is done by CPU (Central Processing Unit)

OUTPUT

Output is the data that has been processed in to useful form. The computer takes the input from user process it and produced output. Output also can be text, Audio, Video, graphics and animations. Output can be in two forms

•  Soft Copy
•  Hard Copy

Soft Copy:

When you are writing a document, playing a game, watching a video clip, or reading the latest news. Soft copy is what you see on the monitor(Screen). Soft copy is temporary; after you have finished with it, there is nothing solid to hold. You can, however, transfer soft copy to a disk to transport it

Hard Copy:

Hard copy can be touched and carried. Hard copy is usually some form of paper output. It is especially helpful if you need to have a colleague look at your work or you need to give your work to a supervisor or teacher. There are three main Components of computer.

1. Input devices
2. CPU
3. Output Devices

INFORMATION PROCESS CYCLE

Computer process data (input) into information (output).A Computer often holds data, information, and instruction in storage for future use.

The series of input, process, output and storage activities as the information process cycle.

INPUT · DEVICES · OUTPUT DEVICES · CPU · INPUT · OUTPUT · CPU · STORAGE · MEDIUM · DATA · INSTRUCTION