CS206 Highlighted Handouts Updated

Table of Contents

Topic 1: Course Introduction .................................................................... 9 Topic 2: What is a Network? .................................................................. 10 Topic 3: Traditional Computer Networks ............................................... 12 Topic 4: Using the Network by Accident ................................................ 14 Topic 5: Using the Network on Purpose ................................................. 15 Topic 6: Well-known Network Applications ........................................... 16 Topic 7: Building a Network: Starts with a Plan ...................................... 18 Topic 8: Examples of Good Rules for Networking .................................. 20 Topic 9: Proprietary and Public Models ................................................. 21 Topic 10: How TCP/IP Standard Grows? ................................................. 23 Topic 11: Two-Well Known Networking Models .................................... 25 Topic 12: What is a Local Area Network? ............................................... 26 Topic 13: LAN Cables and Connectors .................................................... 28 Topic 14: Ethernet Hubs......................................................................... 32 Topic 15: Ethernet Frames and Collisions .............................................. 33 Topic 16: How to avoid Collisions over Ethernet? .................................. 34 Topic 17: Importance of Ethernet Addresses ......................................... 36 Topic 18: Frame Check Sequence ........................................................... 37 Topic 19: Two Ethernet Standards ......................................................... 38 Topic 20: Working of a LAN Switch ........................................................ 39 Topic 21: Switch: Collision Avoidance .................................................... 41 Topic 22: Full Duplex and Full Switching ................................................ 43 Topic 23: Learning Ethernet addresses .................................................. 45 Topic 24: Ethernet Network Speeds ....................................................... 47 Topic 25: Multiple Physical LANs ............................................................ 49 Topic 26: Introduction to Virtual LANs ................................................... 51 Topic 27: Packing VLAN’s frames in a Trunk ........................................... 52 Topic 28: Email: A Network Application ................................................. 54 Topic 29: TCP/IP Email Standards: SMTP, POP3 ..................................... 56 Topic 30: File Transfer Protocol (FTP)..................................................... 58 Topic 31: World Wide Web and HTTP Protocol ...................................... 61 Topic 32: Main Features of TCP ............................................................. 63 Topic 33: Working of TCP ....................................................................... 65 Topic 34: TCP Flow and Congestion Control ........................................... 66 Topic 35: User Datagram Protocol (UDP) ............................................... 68 Topic 36: TCP Ports Numbers ................................................................. 69 Topic 37: TCP Segmentation .................................................................. 71 Topic 38: Basics of Internet Protocol (IP) ............................................... 72 Topic 39: Working of IP and IP addresses ............................................... 74 Topic 40: How to run an IP Network? .................................................... 75 Topic 41: Classes of IP Networks ............................................................ 77 Topic 42: IP Subnetting .......................................................................... 78 Topic 43: Network Address Translation (NAT) ....................................... 80 Topic 44: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)......................... 81 Topic 45: Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) ............................. 83 Topic 46: End-to-End: Processing IP Packet ............................................ 85 Topic 47: A Link State Routing Algorithm ............................................... 86 Topic 48: Distance Vector Routing Algorithm......................................... 88 Topic 49: Working of Default Gateway Router ....................................... 90 Topic 50: Address Resolution Protocol ................................................... 91 Topic 51: Router’s Routing Logic and Table ............................................ 94 Topic 52: Routing with Subnets.............................................................. 96 Topic 53: Router Hardware Architecture ............................................... 97 Topic 54: Routing to Nearby Places ...................................................... 100 Topic 55: Dynamically Learning Routing Tables ................................... 101 Topic 56: How to Pick the Best Route .................................................. 103 Topic 57: Interior & Exterior Routing Protocols .................................... 104 Topic 58: Introduction to Domain Name System ................................. 105 Topic 59: Domain Name System (DNS) Servers .................................... 106 Topic 60: Working of Domain Name System ........................................ 108 Topic 61: DNS Resource Records.......................................................... 109 Topic 62: Introduction to Wide Area Network ..................................... 111 Topic 63: Different Aspects of WAN Link ............................................. 112 Topic 64: A Cross-over Cable versus Leased Circuit .............................. 113 Topic 65: Routers and WANS ............................................................... 114 Topic 66: Frame Relay .......................................................................... 116 Topic 67: Frame Relay Switching .......................................................... 117 Topic 68: Virtual Circuits ...................................................................... 118 Topic 69: Point-to-Point WANs & Frame Relay .................................... 120 Topic 70: Routing over PVCs ................................................................ 121 Topic 71: The Internet: A Large IP Network ......................................... 122 Topic 72: Using a Phone Line for Data .................................................. 124

Topic 74: Sending Data without a Phone Line ...................................... 126 Topic 75: Introduction to AAA Security Model ..................................... 128 Topic 76: Password Authentication Protocol ....................................... 130 Topic 77: Virtual Private Network (VPN) .............................................. 132 Topic 78: Enterprise Network and the Internet .................................... 133 Topic 79: Firewalls, Demilitarized Zone, IDS ......................................... 134 Topic 80: Introduction to Wireshark .................................................... 138 Topic 81: Five Common Network Problems ......................................... 142