CS405 Final Term Solved Current Paper by Maha

Short Questions:

1. Table Record:

o A record is a collection of related data items stored as a single unit. o Example:

DECLARE emp_record emp%ROWTYPE; BEGIN SELECT * INTO emp_record FROM emp WHERE empno = 1001; END;

2. Exception Types in PL/SQL:

•  Predefined Exceptions: Raised automatically (e.g., NO_DATA_FOUND).
•  User-Defined Exceptions: Declared manually using EXCEPTION.

 Example:

DECLARE salary_error EXCEPTION; BEGIN IF salary < 0 THEN RAISE salary_error; END IF; EXCEPTION WHEN salary_error THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' Invalid Salary'); END;

1. Continue When Statement Explanation:

o This skips the remaining code in the loop's current iteration when a condition is met. o Example:

BEGIN

CONTINUE WHEN i = 5; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(i); END LOOP; END;

2. Records in PL/SQL:

o Similar to structs in C, they store multiple fields in a single variable. o Example:

DECLARE emp_rec emp%ROWTYPE; BEGIN SELECT * INTO emp_rec FROM emp WHERE empno = 7369; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp_rec.ename || ' - ' || emp_rec.sal); END;

Long Questions:

1. Nested Loop Syntax:

BEGIN

FOR j IN 1..2 LOOP DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('i=' || i || ', j=' || j); END LOOP; END LOOP; END;

2. PL/SQL Procedure Code:

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_emp_details(emp_id NUMBER) IS emp_name emp.ename%TYPE; BEGIN SELECT ename INTO emp_name FROM emp WHERE empno = emp_id; DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' Employee Name: ' || emp_name); END;