CS504 Handouts Updated

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Lecture 01: Introduction to Software Engineering…………………………...…….. 1

Lecture 02: Introduction to Software Development ……………………………… 11

Lecture 03: Requirement Engineering-1 …………………………………………… 16

Lecture 04: Requirement Engineering-2 …………………………………………… 20

Lecture 05: Relation of Several components of Software Requirements ……….. 28

Lecture 06: Use Case Diagram for a Library System ……………………………... 33

Lecture 07: Source and Sink Analysis ……………………………………………… 40

Lecture 08: State Transition Diagrams ……………………………………………... 44

Lecture 09: Typical Processes ………………………………………………………. 53

Lecture 10: Prototyping and GUI Design …………………………………………. 62

Lecture 11: Software Design ………………………………………………………… 69

Lecture 12: Coupling and Cohesion ……………………………………………….. 72

Lecture 13: Object Oriented Analysis and Design ………………………………... 83

Lecture 14: Object Oriented Analysis and Design-2 ……………………………… 89

Lecture 15: UML Object Model Notations ………………………………………… 92

Lecture 16: Derivation of Object Model-Coad Methodology ……………………. 93

Lecture 17: Derivation of Object Model-Coad Methodology -2 …………………. 95

Lecture 18: CASE STUDY: Connie’s Convenience Store …………………………. 97

Lecture 19: Identify Structure ……………………………………………………… 100

Lecture 20: Interaction Diagrams ………………………………………………….. 106

Lecture 21: Sequence Diagrams (Message Types) ……………………………….. 108

Lecture 22: Software and System Architecture ………………………………….. 115 Lecture 23: Architectural Views …………………………………………………… 122

Lecture 24: Architectural Models-I ………………………………………………... 126

Lecture 25: Architectural Models-II ……………………………………………….. 130

Lecture 26: Introduction to Design Patterns ……………………………………… 137

Lecture 27: Observer Pattern ………………………………………………………. 140

Lecture 28: Good Programming Practices and Guidelines……………………… 146

Lecture 29: File Handling Tips for C++ and Java ………………………………... 155

Lecture 30: Layouts and Comments in Java and C++…………………………… 162

Lecture 31: Coding Style Guidelines Continued... ……………………………….. 167

Lecture 32: Clarity Trough Modularity …………………………………………... 170

Lecture 33: Common Coding Mistakes ………………………………………….. 176

Lecture 34: Portability ……………………………………………………………… 179

Lecture 35: Exception Handling …………………………………………………… 184

Lecture 36: Software Verification and Validation ……………………………….. 192

Lecture 37: Testing vs. Development ……………………………………………... 195

Lecture 38: Equivalence Classes or Equivalence Partitioning ………………….. 199

Lecture 39: White Box Testing …………………………………………………….. 202

Lecture 40: Unit Testing ……………………………………………………………. 207

Lecture 41: Inspections vs. Testing ……………………………………………….. 210

Lecture 42: Debugging ……………………………………………………………... 213

Lecture 43: Bug Classes …………………………………………………………….. 216

Lecture 44: The Holistic Approach ………………………………………………... 224

Lecture 45: Summary ………………………………………………………………. 227

Lecture No. 1

Introduction to Software Engineering

An Introduction to Software Construction Techniques for Industrial Strength Software

1.1 Introduction

Software engineering is an interesting subject. In order to understand this subject we will need to look at a number of examples and case studies. And we will need to see how we can develop good software and how it could be improved in different scenarios? Before we move on to software engineering we need to understand what software actually is.

 What is Software?

When we write a program for computer we named it as software. But software is not just a program; many things other than the program are also included in software.

Some of the constituted items of software are described below.

Program: The program or code itself is definitely included in the software. Data: The data on which the program operates is also considered as part of the software. Documentation: Another very important thing that most of us forget is documentation. All the documents related to the software are also considered as part of the software.

So the software is not just the code written in Cobol, Java, Fortran or C++. It also includes the data and all the documentation related to the program.

 Why is it important?

Undoubtedly software is playing a vital role in all the field of life these days. We can see many software applications being operated around us in our daily routine.

Some of the major areas in which software has played an important role are identified as under.

Business decision-making: Software systems have played a major role in businesses where you have to analyze your data and on the basis of that analysis you have to make business decisions. This process of data analysis and decision-making has become very accurate and easy by the use of software. Modern scientific investigation and engineering problem solving: Scientific investigations and engineering problem solving require an intensive amount of