CS601 Final Term Solved Subjective Updated Book by Junaid

Q1. Define Three Types of Cast

Data is transported over a network by three simple methods i.e. Unicast, Broadcast, and

Multicast. So let’s begin to summarize the difference between these three:

•  Unicast: from one source to one destination i.e. One-to-One
•  Broadcast: from one source to all possible destinations i.e. One-to-All
•  Multicast: from one source to multiple destinations stating an interest in receiving the traffic i.e. One-to-Many

Q2. RJ Stands for?

RJ stands for Registered Jack in Data Communication which a connector used for UTP cable.

Q3. Write Full Form of Channelization Protocol

DMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) TDMA (Time-Division Multiple Access) CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)

Q4. What is ARP how does it works?

ARP stands for Address Resolution Protocol. When you try to ping an IP address on your local network, say 10.12.2.1, if there is a value cached, ARP is not used. If the IP address is not found in the ARP table, the system will then send a broadcast packet to the network using the ARP protocol to ask "who has

10. 12.2.1All system received broadcast but only intended system response with MAC address

Q6. Difference between Hub, Switch and Router

Hub

Hub is commonly used to connect segments of a LAN (Local Area Network). A hub contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all packets. Hub acts as a common connection point for devices in a network.

Switch

A switch operates at the data link layer (layer 2) and sometimes the network layer (layer 3) of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Reference Model and therefore support any packet protocol. LANs that use switches to join segments are called switched LANs or, in the case of Ethernet networks, switched Ethernet LANs. In networks, the switch is the device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments. See more information on Network Switch and Selection Suggestions.

Router

A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs (Wide Area Networks) or a LAN and its ISP.s (Internet Service Provider’s) network. The router is generally located at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect. Using headers and forwarding tables, router determines the best path to forward the packets. In addition, router uses protocols such as ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) to communicate with each other and configures the best route between any two hosts. In a word, router forwards data packets along with networks.

Q7. Abbreviation of the following

DLC (Data Link Control) FSM (Finite State Machine) POTS (Plain old telephone service) FTTC (Fiber to the Curb)

Q8. HDLC Frame

Types of HDLC Frames

There are three types of HDLC frames. The type of frame is determined by the control field of the frame − I-frame − I-frames or Information frames carry user data from the network layer. They also include flow and error control information that is piggybacked on user data. The first bit of control field of I-frame is 0. S-frame − S-frames or Supervisory frames do not contain information field. They are used for flow and error control when piggybacking is not required. The first two bits of control field of S-frame is 10. U-frame − U-frames or Un-numbered frames are used for myriad miscellaneous functions, like link management. It may contain an information field, if required. The first two bits of control field of U-frame is 11.

Q9. Difference between data word and code word

We divide our message into blocks, each of ‘k’ bits, called data words