CS615 Final Term Current Subjective by Maha Malik

1. Software Engineering Layers (Long Question)

Software engineering is a layered technology, composed of the following layers:

2. WBS: Work, Benefits, and Related Concepts

Benefits of WBS:

Defines 100% of the work per scope. Helps manage cost, schedule, and responsibilities. Tracks progress and aids in communication with stakeholders. Serves as a budgeting and reporting tool. Allows for task delegation and control over time

Characteristics of High-Quality WBS:

Hierarchical and logical structure. Must receive team buy-in. Deliverable-oriented and clear. Should be in sync with scope and project plan. Updated regularly to reflect current status.

WBS Conceptual:

A functional decomposition of the entire project. Bridges between project scope and schedule. Includes all deliverables, internal/external/interim. Produced after the scope statement but before detailed scheduling.

🔹 3. Four Cornerstones of Management · 1. Delegation · 2. Authority · 3. Responsibility · 4. Supervision

These ensure a structured and accountable project organization.

🔹 4. Review Techniques

1. Inspections

o Formal, structured reviews. o Roles: moderator, author, reader, recorder, inspector.

2. Walkthroughs

o Informal, developer-led reviews. o Less rigorous but encourage discussion.

3. Formal Technical Reviews (FTR)

o Reviews logic, consistency, standards adherence. o End with summary reports and defect lists.

🔹 5. COCOMO Model: Intermediate Form

Intermediate COCOMO uses:

🔹 6. Initial Process: Inputs, Outputs, Tasks

Initiation Phase Includes:

Input: Business case, project charter. Output: Project approval, stakeholder identification. Tasks: Define goals, select team, assess feasibility, identify risks.

🔹 7. Activities of SQA for Quality Control

Software Reviews: Identify defects early (inspection, walkthrough, FTR). Quality Metrics: Estimate cost, monitor productivity. SQA Audits: Ensure adherence to process and documentation. Configuration Management (SCM): Track changes, maintain integrity. Reporting & Records: Maintain logs for future audits and improvements.

✅ 1. Initial Estimates – Formula + Example · Formula for Initial Estimation (Effort): · Effort = a₁ × (SLOC/1000)^a₂ × EAF