CS621 Final Term

7 - 15.

Interconnection networks are classified into two categories.

•  Static Network.
•  Dynamic Network.

Control strategies are classified into two categories.

•  Centralized
•  Decentralized

Two different switching technologies are.

•  Circuit Switching. Three phases are. Establish Transfer Disconnect
•  Packet Switching.

Two basic types of topologies are.

•  Static Topology: Ring (Loop) networks, Mesh, Torus, Tree networks, Hypercube network.
•  Dynamic Topology: Bus-based, Switch-based.

Bus-based dynamic topologies are broadly classified into two categories.

•  Single bus.
•  Multi bus.

In Multi Bus, following connection schemes are possible.

•  Multiple Bus with Single Bus – Memory Connection (MBSBMC).
•  Multiple Bus with Partial Bus – Memory Connection (MBPBMC).
•  Multiple Bus with Full Bus – Memory Connection (MBFBMC).
•  Multiple Bus with Class-based Bus – Memory Connection (MBCBMC).

The consistency models are classified into two broader categories.

•  Data-Centric Consistency Models: Continuous Consistency, Consistent Ordering of Operations.
•  Client-Centric Consistency Models: Eventual Consistency, Monotonic Writes, Read Your Writes, Writes Follow Reads.

Type of Mobility.

•  Weak mobility: migrate only code segment.
•  Strong mobility: migrate execution segment and resource segment.

Types of process-to-resource binding.

•  Binding by identifier: e.g., URL, (IPaddr:Port).
•  Binding by type: e.g., monitor, printer.
•  Binding by value: e.g., standard libraries.

Type of resources.

•  Unattached resources: Can be easily moved (e.g., data files).
•  Fastened resources: Can be used but at a high cost (e.g., local databases, web sites).
•  Fixed resources: Cannot be moved (e.g., local devices).

[ Migrating the Entire Memory Image ] There are, in principle, three ways to handle migration.

•  Send Memory to New Machine and Update Changes: Pushing memory pages to the new machine and resending the ones that are later modified during the migration process.
•  Move Only Needed Memory While Running: Letting the new virtual machine pull in new pages as needed, that is, let processes start on the new virtual machine immediately and copy memory pages on demand.
•  Stop, Move Everything, and Start Again: Stopping the current virtual machine; migrate memory and start the new virtual machine.

There are two main types of message passing.

•  Synchronous.
•  Asynchronous.

[ Message Passing Programming Modes ] Different communication modes that can be used for message passing programming are.

•  Blocking / Non-blocking.