EDU101 Important Notes by Nimma Malik

By Nimma Malik · Society · Goals of · education · Students · Instruction · al Methods · Curriculu · m · Agents · Influence on Education · Pre-literate · Societies

• To teach

survival skills

• Teach group

harmony - All children - No grouping according to age - All children get together and listen to what people had to tell them. - Informal methods

- Children

imitate

adults

- Practice hunting

- Fishing - Songs - Poems - Dances - Parents

- Liberal leaders

- Religious leaders - Informal

- Transmission of skills

Chinese

Prepare elites to

govern the

empire

according to Confucian principles - Males of upper class

- Confucian

Classics

Governmen t officials - Written examination for civil service

Indian · Society · - To learn · behavior and · rituals based · on Vedas

- Males of Upper classes - Memorizing and interpreting sacred texts - Vedas and religious texts - Brahmin Priest scholars - Cultural transmission and assimilation, spiritual detachment

Egyptians

• To prepare

priest according to scribe for the empire -Males of upper class

Memorizatio · n and · copying texts

- Religious or Technical texts - Priest and scribes - Restriction on educational controls to

priest elites

Greek

• To cultivate

civic responsibility ages 7 to 20 years in primary schools, lecture, discussion,

and dialogue

in higher schools - Athens: reading, writing,

drama, poetry, And music, Sparta: Drill, military, songs and tactics. - Athens: private teachers, philosopher s. Sparta: military teachers - Athens: well rounded, liberally educated person. Sparta: Concept of military state.

Romans

• Develop civic

responsibility for the empire, -Administrative and military skills

ages 7 – 20

in ludus; declamation in rhetorical schools (lutus is the primary school for everybody) declamation is the ability to create and give a speech. - Reading, writing,

law and - Private schools and teachers, schools of rhetoric - Practical administrative skills - Relate

civic responsibility

Arabic

Society

-Cultivate religious commitment to Islamic beliefs,

• Expertise in

mathematics, medicine and science ages 7 – 20 in primary schools, imitation and discussion in higher schools - Reading, writing,

religious

scientific studies - Mosques.

Court

schools

Arabic numerals and computation, medicine and science materials

Medieval on

Education

• Develop

religious

knowledge, and ritual; establish social order, prepare for appropriate rules.

- Girls and · women · entering · religious · community · ages 7-20

in lower schools, - Text analysis discussion in higher school and universities - Athens: reading, writing,

theology, military and chivalry - Parish - Chantry - Cathedral schools

Universitie s - Knighthoo d - Structure and organization of the University

Institutionalizati on of knowledge

Renaissance

Period

• Cultivate

Humanist experts in Greek, and Latin classes; prepare people to serve dynastic leaders of aristocracy and upper classes, ages 7and translation, and analysis of Greek, and Roman classes, classical

poetry and art.

- Latin and · Greek · classical · poetry and · art

- Classical Humanists educators and schools like Lycee, gymnasiu

m and

Latin

school, - Emphasis on literary knowledge, excellence and style in classical

- two track system of schools

Reformatio · n period · - Cultivate a · to a · particular · religious

denomination,

and general

literacy

- Boys and Girls ages 7-12

in vernacular

schools, - Young men

in humanist

schools. drill, indoctrination, catechetical instruction in vernacular schools, translation and analysis of classical literature in humanistic schools - Reading, writing,

catechism, and rituals.

- Latin and Greek theology Vernacula r elementar y school for general public, -

Classical · schools · for upper

class. to universal

provide literacy for everyone; origins of schools systems, dual track school system based on socio economic class and career goals.

Theorists · View of Human Nature · Confucius · (Chinese)

Developed ethical system based on hierarchy, human relations and roles,

emphasized order and · stability · Human beings need the order

of a stable society. People accept duties that come with their station life.

Socrates

Philosophical idealism, political conservation Humans define themselves by

self-examination

Plato

Philosophical idealist, social conservation, added

intuition

Humans can be classified on intellectual capabilities

Aristotl

Realists, views society based

on realism and observation

Humans have the power of rationality to guide their conduct