EDU401 Midterm Past Papers Set 3

Q. Define terms:

• Contemporary: Contemporary means something that exists or happens in the present time. It refers to things that are modern or current.
• Trends: Trends are the general direction in which something is developing or changing. They show how things are moving or what is becoming popular over time.
• Issues: Issues are important topics or problems that people are discussing or need to address. They can be challenges or concerns that affect individuals, groups, or society as a whole.

Peace education appreciates the richness of the concept of peace / How peace education increases the richness of peace?

• Addresses fears
• Provides a futures orientation (imagination)
• Teaches peace as both a process and philosophy
• Promotes peace as a concept alongside justice
• Promotes the care of and love of earth and respect for all life
• Teaches nonviolence as a way to settle differences

Define literacy and life long learning?

Literacy and Lifelong Learning

• Implementation arrangement
• Implementation matrix
• Delivery mechanism
• Mother tongue medium literacy programs should be emphasized.
• Introduce and expand mother tongue literacy courses in local languages

Elements of Curricula

Philosophy of peace education involves

• Non violence
• Love as the basis of transformation—translated into caring classrooms
• Reverence for the environment and for all life

We have to include these elements in the curriculum to ensure peace studies education.

Enlist the demands of madaaris reforms.

Madaaris often demand for following reforms:

1. The wafaq degrees of Matric (Sanwiya Aama) and Intermediate (Sanwiya Khaasa) are not approved yet, whereas its higher degree, Shahadat ul- Aalmia is recognized as equal to MA Islamic Studies and Arabic. The government should accept these lower-level degrees as equal to the formal educational system.
2. The wafaq should be affiliated with the Federal Ministry of Education or Federal Ministry of Religious Affairs. Despite passing of the 18th amendment, the madaaris prefer to remain part of the federal government. Madaaris should also link with the Higher Education Commission (a Government higher studies oversight body) and all education grants should be distributed among madaaris through it.
3. The Madaaris should be exempted from all utility bills, and this will be the best way of cooperation from government side.
4. Obstacles of bureaucracy for registration of madaaris should be removed in the registration process.
5. Opportunities should be provided for madaaris students for easy admission in universities and participation in competitive exams.
6. The government should provide opportunities of job to wafaq students in all its departments.

Gender disparity in education?

Gender disparities persist in education. Girls often face barriers like early marriage, cultural norms, and lack of resources. Efforts are ongoing to ensure equal access to education for both girls and boys.

Role of religion in equity?

Religion can play a significant role in promoting equity in education by influencing values, beliefs, and practices that support equal access to education for all individuals. In many cultures, religious teachings emphasize the importance of justice, compassion, and equality, which can translate into efforts to ensure that educational opportunities are accessible to everyone regardless of their background or circumstances. Religious organizations often run schools and educational programs that cater to marginalized or disadvantaged communities, providing them with the resources and support needed to access quality education. These initiatives can help bridge the gap between privileged and underprivileged students, promoting equity in education.

Mdraasa and politics?

Religious schools, known as madrassas, play a significant role in Pakistani politics, especially through their connections with religious political parties. These parties, representing different sects like Deobandis, Barelvis, Ahl-eHadith, and Shia, have strong ties to specific madrassas. A study found that a majority of madrassas have political affiliations, with most linked to religious political parties. While some madrassa boards prefer to stay apolitical, others like Rabita ul-Madaris support specific political parties. It is suggested that students focus on their education and avoid active political involvement until completing their studies to maintain a balance between education and politics.

Q. Peace education history elements?

The history of peace education includes efforts after major conflicts, like the World Wars, to teach people how to resolve disputes without violence. Key elements involve teaching about human rights, promoting understanding and tolerance among different cultures, and developing skills for conflict resolution.

Literacy

Literacy is the ability to read and write. Efforts to improve literacy rates are crucial for education, knowledge, and economic participation.

Impact of Literacy on social environment?

When people can read and write, they can better understand information, communicate effectively, and participate in society. Higher literacy rates can lead to more informed citizens, improved economic opportunities, and a stronger sense of community. It helps reduce poverty and promotes social equality.

Explain education systems of Pakistan in your own words?

The education system in Pakistan includes public and private schools, with education offered from primary to higher levels. It follows a curriculum set by the government, but the quality and resources can vary widely between urban and