EDU410 Midterm Past Papers by Nimma Malik

EDU 410 · Recent Papers · Subjective Part · 01:

Definition stop, fricative and approximants consonants.

Stop:

The definition of a stop consonant has three parts. First, either the tongue or the lips close off the air flow entirely. Second, this closure causes a buildup of pressure, and third, there is a release of this built up air.

There are 6 different stop consonants. /p/, /b/, where the pressure is built up by the lips being closed; / t/, / d/, where the pressure is built up by the tongue raising and closing off the air flow; and /k/, /g/, where the pressure is built up by the back of the tongue reaching up a touching the back of the throat, causing the pressure to build up there.

Approximant:

An approximant, in phonetics, a sound that is produced by bringing one articulator in the vocal tract close to another without, however, causing audible friction. Approximants include semivowels, such as the y sound in “yes” or the w sound in “war.” /r/ and /l/ are also approximants.

Fricatives:

A fricative is a consonant sound that is created by constricting the vocal tract, causing friction as the air passes through it. The examples of English fricative sounds (the v sound, f sound, th sound, z sound, s sound, sh sound, and h sound).

02:

How do you teach alphabets to kids as a teacher?

Following three points are to be kept in mind when teaching alphabets to children: i. Components and definition of alphabetic principle ii. The phonemic awareness and decoding

iii. Letter-sound correspondence to enhance word recognition

03:

Children cannot differentiate alphabets like b and d how do you overcome with this problem? What strategies? ‘

Visual Cues Verbal Cues Hand Gestures Practice and Repetition Patience and Encouragement

04:

Why learning sounds are important? And how many sounds are there and how they link with 26 alphabets?

Sounds are represented by signs or symbols in a language. There are 26 alphabets in English and 44 sounds related with those alphabets. These sounds help us to know the exact pronunciation of particular alphabets.

01: Understanding sounds helps in decoding written language. 02: Sounds are the building blocks of speech. Knowing how sounds are formed and recognizing them helps in clear pronunciation and effective communication. 03: Learning sounds aids in language acquisition and comprehension.

There are approximately 44 distinct sounds, or phonemes, in the English language. However, these sounds are represented by only 26 letters in the English alphabet. This means that some letters or combinations of letters can represent multiple sounds, and some sounds are represented by more than one letter or letter combination.

For instance, the letter 'a' can represent different sounds like the 'a' in "cat," the 'a' in "father," and the 'a' in "cake." Similarly, the combination 'th' can represent two different sounds, as in "thin" and "this."

05:

What are the three places of consonant sound? OR point of articulation

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar

Post alveolar Velar Palatal Glottal

06:

what are the benefits of upper case letter with example?

1. Uppercase letters are easier to visually distinguish than lowercase letters – take for example the uppercase ‘B’ and ‘D’ versus. the lowercase ‘b’ and ‘d’.
2. Uppercase letters are easier for beginning writers (e.g. ‘E’ versus ‘e’). Even when instructed with lowercase letters, it is often noticed that young children naturally prefer uppercase.

07:

what are the stages in language development write the name with sequence?

There are different stages starting from sounds, and going to babbling, holophrases, two word sentences, telegraphic sentences, and finally joint sentences.

08:

What are the approaches to present consonant sounds to young learners?

There are different approaches for this purpose. For instance:

Reliability: Some teachers like to deal with the letters based on their reliability (in other words, how many different sounds might that letter make... For example, although “c" is a common letter in the English language, it is not as reliable as the letter "v".

Frequency: Another method some use is to introduce the most common sounds first (s, t and r). This allows the children to quickly begin forming words.