EDU601 Midterm Subjective and Objective Paper

What is difference between maxims and disciplines? – Topic 045

• Maxims are moral laws.
• Maxims train the mind to think.

- Maxims are universally valid

• Maxims are not the same as discipline.
• Discipline prevents evil habits.

What are Aristotle views about knowledge? – Topic 081

• Knowledge is always about an object.
• Knowledge is an intellectual virtue.
• Knowledge starts with the sense of perception.
• It is a process of inductive reasoning.

What are fineries? – Topic 062

• An obsession with brands, styles and fashions takes students away from the real purpose of life, which is educating them towards becoming a moral being.
• Pleaded with parents to fight against all signs of vanity in a child.

- Must not give children any example to become vain

Characteristics of dialectic approach? – Topic 020

• People can free themselves of the concerns of the material world through the use of the dialectic method
• The dialectic helps one move from mere opinion to true knowledge.
• The dialectic consists of arguments and discussions.
• Dialectic looks at both points of view and tries reaching a consensus.
• It may help alter the views of one side, or to help them advance their own argument.

Kant's law of necessity – Topic 052

• Children must be subject to the law of necessity.
• No preferences to any student.
• The law must be general.
• If children sense preferential treatment towards any other student, they would take it as a cue to be disobedient.

- “The moral law must carry with it absolute necessity.” · - “Duty is necessity of action from respect for law.” · Importance of soft pedagogy in philosophy – Topic 113

• Rousseau advocated a soft and easy going pedagogy.
• Opposed the harsh life & discipline of the traditional school systems, but subjected the child to his own kind of harsh education to gain freedom & independence.

Pragmatism 131

Pragmatism is a contemporary educational theory. Pragmatists place their focus on the idea of change. Pragmatists believe that knowing represents an exchange between the leaner and the environment. They also believe that truth and values are always changing. How to affect the physical health according to Aristotle and define its characteristics 089 Physical well-being is directly linked to the mental well-being of an individual. The importance of physical education not only for the sake of physical fitness & beauty, but also to develop a spirit of sportsmanship

Write the Adler criticism? 130

• One of the biggest criticisms Adler's Great Books faced was that of ethnic composition.

- Racism & sexism

- Ethnically exclusive list

- Criticized also for excluding females from his Great Books list

Aristotle concept of state writes 5 points. 083 · State is the highest social institution · Virtue is the life principle of the state · Educate people to make them virtuous · Education must be a matter of public concern

The success of the state depends upon the development of a happy, virtuous, and intelligent citizenry

Emile against social education 120

Critics believe that this anti-social education is absurd & that children cannot be reared in a social vacuum.

Why physical development is necessary in education according to Aristotle? 089

Aristotle thought physical education to be so important that in his scheme of education, he stated that physically unfit may not be allowed to marry for they might produce physically unfit offspring

According to aristo tale, write three points about learning?

1. Learning is not child play, we cannot learn without plain

2. Learning is ornament in prosperity a refuge in adversity and a provision in old age

3. For the things we have to learn before we can do, we learn by doing

Socrates moral culture

A system of morality which is based on relative emotional value is a mere illusion, a thoroughly vulgar conception which has nothing sound in it and nothing true.

Define Syllogistic reasoning 081

A form of reasoning where conclusion is drawn on the basis (premises) of two given or assumed propositions.

What is training and education? 032 002

Training in the processes of thinking and abstracting

Education is a process of learning, positive habits, knowledge, skill etc.

Write about intellectual skills of Adler 126

Art, skill or technique is nothing more than a cultivated habitual ability to do a certain kind of thing well

According to Kant’s philosophy, what is the purpose of the education? 044

Humans are the only beings in need of an education

“Children ought to be educated, not for the present, but for a possibly improved condition of man in the future; that is, in a manner which is adopted to the idea of humanity and the whole destiny of man.” Kant – Thoughts on Education

Why is the strong criticism Kant’s moral training?

Moral education is essential for character development.

Moral training is necessary to rid man of evil · To uphold the dignity of man · What are the criteria of the good aims? 146

• Aims must make choice of alternatives possible.
• The aim set up must be an outgrowth of existing conditions.
• The aim, at first emerges as a tentative sketch, and the act of striving to achieve it tests its worth.
• The aim must always represent a freeing of activities.
• Aims must be founded upon the intrinsic activities and needs of the given individual to be educated.

Why the child must taught fight negative education?

The entire education of the child was to come from the free development of his own nature, his own powers, and his own natural inclinations, therefore the initial negative education is compulsory.