EDU604 Handouts by VUBuddy

Table of Contents:

Lesson 01 Introduction to comparative education and its scope Lesson 02 Educational planning and comparative education Lesson 03 Foundations of educational and international education 16 Lesson 04 Geomorphic shifts in comparative education 22 Lesson 05 Conceptualizing education Lesson 06 Education as capability (Qualitative and quantitative approaches) 34 Lesson 07 Theory testing Lesson 08 Literacy in comparative education I Lesson 09 Literacy in comparative education II Lesson 10 Levels of geographic and entities I Lesson 11 Levels of geographic and entities II Lesson 12 Levels of geographic and entities III Lesson 13 Comparing the education system across countries 75 Lesson 14 Languages in education Lesson 15 Tracking system in German and America Lesson 16 Theoretical perspectives of comparative education Lesson 17 Comparing times Lesson 18 Comparing race in comparative education Lesson 19 Gender parity and equality in education Lesson 20 Issues with gender parity and equity in education 107 Lesson 21 Boys’ underachievement and gendered identities Lesson 22 Damaging masculinities and the way forward Lesson 23 Pressure to fill gender roles and the masculine worldview of science 119 Lesson 24 Intersection of race, class and gender in comparative education 123 Lesson 25 The study across ethnic group, cast and social inclusion in Asia 127 Lesson 26 Spatial, temporal, institutional & social network inclusion from education 132 Lesson 27 Globalization and national culture in modern era Lesson 28 Values and interest in cross-cultural study Lesson 29 Uses and abuses of policy-based research in comparative education Lesson 30 The politics of language policy and inequality in Pakistan Lesson 31 Language based discriminatory practice & opportunities to be in careers of choice 151 Lesson 32 Lessons learnt from comparative study Lesson 33 Evaluative, interpretive and critical study Lesson 34 Video studies Lesson 35 Comparing ways of learning and learning styles Lesson 36 Comparing educational achievements and equity of performance 171 Lesson 37 Comparing quality of education Lesson 38 Redistribution and dimensions of quality of education Lesson 39 Resources and inclusion for educational quality Lesson 40 Low cost private schools for poor and low quality public schooling 186

Lesson 41 Lessons learnt from cross country analysis & recommendations for schooling low-income children

Lesson No 1 · INTRODUCTION TO COMPARATIVE EDUCATION AND · ITS SCOPE · Topic 1: Introduction to Education · Education:

• Education is an ongoing learning process.
• Education means literacy skills, education means to learn read and write.
• Another part of education is being socialized and informed about the values of the culture that you are living in and to know what is going on.
• Education teaches us how to survive in the given context and culture.
• Education is a wide field that encompass process and as well as product.

Types of Education:

1. Formal:

Formal education is the education which takes place in institutions, may be its vocational, school or higher education.

2. Informal:

Informal education is the education which takes place in your culture. Education by your family, peers, environment and culture.

Levels of Education:

• Primary Education
• Secondary Education
• Higher Education
• University Education

Division of Educational system by different governance and management system:

• You can also look at education in terms of different management styles that how it is governed so you can make this differentiation in public and private institutions.
• Public university runs by government while private intuitions are those in which different people come along and they run it.
• Some schools run by NGO’s.
• You can also divide different institutions by looking at their curriculum like; Secular curriculum and Religious curriculum.
• Examination system is also different.
• You can also divide the schools in terms of medium of instruction.
• You can also divide the schools in terms of gender.

Topic 2: Sociological approaches to Education

There are different kinds of Education. These types of Education have different sociological impacts.

Sociological approaches:

Sociological lens is a lens that tells you what the impact of education on vital society is and what is the impact of that vital society on Education so we will be looking at three Sociological approaches which you can use to understand the educational context and also comparative education in a larger context.

Approaches:

All three approaches have value in their own way:

1. Functionalist approach · 2. Critical approach · 3. Interactionist approach · 1: Functionalist approach

Functionalist approach to education introduced by Emile Durkheim. Views and different functions of education within society that approach somehow looks at society as a coherent hole and it says that the different institutions within the society play some sort of Role in society so it is interested in what are the different roles that are played by Educational Institutions within a given society or given context and it looks at these functions as

• Manifest functions
• Latent functions.

Manifest functions:

These are those functions which we can see and we accept the education formerly. Most important and easily delineated function is literacy skills. However keep in mind also that functionalist approach also looks at the dis functions of education, May it has some disadvantages which gives the negative impact on society. It tells us what’s right and what’s wrong.