EDU705 Midterm Past Papers by Maha Malik

Q. Research niche cap

Establish a Niche:

•  Indicate gaps in previous research
•  Raise a question about previous research
•  Identify problem or need
•  Extend previous knowledge

Q. Methodology explain

The methodology of a research study outlines the procedures and techniques used to collect, analyze, and interpret data. It typically includes the research design (qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods), sampling methods (random, stratified, convenience), data collection tools (surveys, interviews, experiments), and data analysis techniques (statistical analysis, thematic analysis, content analysis). The methodology ensures the research is systematic, valid, and reliable, providing a clear framework for replicating the study and verifying results. It also addresses ethical considerations, limitations, and the rationale behind the chosen methods, aligning them with the research objectives and questions.

Q. Describe the Purpose of thesis

To enable students to develop:

1. deeper knowledge 2. understanding

3. capabilities

Q. Endnotes and footnotes

1. Endnotes appear at the end of each chapter or at the end of a thesis

2. Choice depends on the discipline

3. Footnotes should be used sparingly (economically, carefully, in moderation)

Q. What is hedge in reporting results?

To withhold your full commitment to a statement: i.e. may; might; possibly; likely; seemed to; appeared to

Q. Feature of abstract

A key feature of an abstract is its conciseness, offering a succinct summary of the main points of a larger work such as a research paper, thesis, or report. It typically includes the purpose of the study, the research methods employed, the main results or findings, and the conclusions drawn. The abstract allows readers to quickly ascertain the paper's relevance and significance, providing a snapshot that helps them decide whether to read the full document. It should be clear, precise, and free of unnecessary details, ensuring that even those unfamiliar with the full text can understand the essence of the work.

Q. Explain the ethical concerns of researchers in the literature review

•  Privacy and confidentiality must be respected through research process specially like name
•  Aims of research and nature of study should be explained clearly to the participants
•  Participants’ right to withdraw form study anytime should be respected
•  Written consent (Appendix)
•  Details of ethical issues and how they were dealt with

Q. What is the choice of tense in the citing statement?

The choice of tense in citing statements depends on the context of the reference. Present tense is used when discussing the current relevance or established facts from a study, such as " Smith (2020) argues that social media influences consumer behavior." Past tense is appropriate for referring to specific experiments or studies conducted in the past, for example, " Johnson (2018) found that increased exercise improves mental health." Present perfect tense is used to discuss past research with ongoing relevance, like " Researchers have shown that climate change affects biodiversity (Green et al., 2015)." Selecting the appropriate tense helps clarify the relationship between past research and its current implications.

Q. Describe the title page of the thesis. Title should SUMMARIZE the main idea:

•  be concise
•  highlight key variables
•  full explanatory

Title should not have abbreviations.

Function:

•  inform
•  statement of content (data based)

Q. Where is ' Hedging' used in the reporting results? Explain. Hedging is used in reporting results, particularly in academic and scientific contexts, to convey uncertainty, caution, and modesty about findings. It allows authors to acknowledge limitations, avoid overstatements, and respect the scientific process by using language that softens or qualifies statements. Phrases like "may," "might," "could," "suggests," and "is likely to" help present findings accurately, indicating that results are not absolute or universally applicable. For example, " The results suggest a potential link between diet and heart health" is more accurate than making a definitive claim. Hedging ensures claims are appropriately cautious, inviting critical discussion and further inquiry.

Q. How should a literature review be organized. Discuss from General to Specific Discuss key themes Then synthesize (blend, combine, join) Research-gap Conceptual map of your study