ENG101 Final Term Mega File by GumNaaM Helpers

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Table of Contents

Topic Page No. Reading and Dictionary Pronunciation Reading for Main Idea Reading: Topic, Main Idea Reading: References Reading Skills Reading and Vocabulary Word FormationPrefixes Reading: Description, Locating Information Reading: Word Forms Reading: Understanding Reading Reading: Making Inferences Reading: Assessing the Text Reading: Assessing Texts Evaluating Texts: Interpreting Visual Data Reading: Evaluating Texts Reading: Cloze for Comprehension Reading: Skimming and Scanning Reading: Scanning and Language Functions Reading: Classifying, Cause and Effect Relationship Reading: Presenting Information Graphically Writing: Sentence Types Writing: Effective Sentences: Unity, Coherence, Emphasis WRITING: IDENTIFYING SENTENCE ERRORS WRITING: REVISING SENTENCE ERRORS Subject Verb Agreement Writing Word Choice Punctuation Writing: Paragraphs: Structural Parts Writing: Paragraph Writing: Paragraphs Writing: Essay Writing Essay writing Writing: Essay Outlines Writing: Selecting and Researching an Essay Topic Writing: Ways of Organizing Texts: Linear Writing: Ways of Organizing Texts Writing: Ways of Organizing Texts Writing Skills Writing: Summary Writing

Lesson -23

Writing: Effective Sentences: Unity, Coherence, And Emphasis

We looked at different kinds of sentences in the last lesson, simple, compound and complex. In this lesson, we will focus on writing effective sentences by looking at issues like the unity of a sentence and the emphasis in a sentence.

Effective Sentences

What is it that makes sentences effective?

There are three elements which make for effectiveness in sentences: unity, coherence and emphasis.

•  By unity we mean that every part of a sentence/composition must contribute to one main unifying thought.
•  By coherence we mean that the various parts of a sentence/composition must follow one another in an order which makes their relationship clear.
•  By emphasis we mean that the most important parts of a sentence/composition must be so placed that attention is directed toward them rather than toward less important parts.

I. Unity: A good sentence should have unity, that is, it must express one main idea. Although a sentence may contain more than one fact, all the facts must relate to the main idea. E.g. the models were all dressed in the latest fashions and many of them are unemployed. This sentence does not have unity. The first clause tells us about the model’s clothing, e.g. the models were all dressed in the latest fashions and many of them are unemployed. While the second one mentions unemployment; the two different ideas don’t belong to one another in one sentence. They should be stated in two separate sentences. This sentence is a sample of a sentence that lacks unity. Unity is violated in five ways: (i) By combining unrelated ideas (ii) Putting too many ideas / details in a single sentence. (iii) Failure to complete an idea or grammatical construction (iv) Subordination (v) Parallelism

(i) Combining unrelated ideas e.g. The students at the college use a great deal of abusive language and they are from all parts of the country. (ii)Too many ideas or details put in a single sentence distract the reader from the main thought of the sentence e.g. Reading his daily newspaper that morning, standing at the crowded bus stop, the morning sun just lighting up the tops of the high buildings and making the sleepy-eyed people shade their eyes, made a great impression on me.