ENG201 Midterm Solved Subjective Lectures 1-22

Business and technical English- ENG201 short notes of lesson 1-22

Effective oral communication is a combination of many skills:

1. Outlining and planning
2. Preparing overheads or other display media
3. Rehearsing
4. Delivery

Formal and informal oral reports:

An oral report may be delivered around a small table with just a few listeners or in a large auditorium to hundreds of people. Oral presentations in professional environment generally fall into two categories:

1. Informative speaking
2. Persuasive speaking

Informative speaking:

Informative speaking has audience learning as its primary goal. An informative speech may explain a concept, instruct and audience, demonstrate a process, or describe an event. Forms;

1. Individual or group report
2. Oral briefing
3. Panel discussion
4. Oral critique

Persuasive speaking:

Persuasive speaking is used to influence what an audience thinks or does. Some of the goals of persuasive speaking include:

1. To reinforce the attitude, beliefs and values an audience already holds
2. To inoculate an audience against counter persuasion
3. To change attitude
4. To motivate and audience to act

Delivery methods:

There are four methods

1. Extempore
2. Impromptu
3. Memorization
4. Reading

Preparation:

Parameters are as follows;

1. Knowledge of the audience
2. Knowledge of subject
3. Use of time
4. Rehearsal
5. Personal appearance and grooming…

Presentation delivery:

1. Poise and enthusiasm
2. Eye contact
3. Use of voice
4. Use of time

Writing your letter of application:

1. Defining your objectives
2. Planning
3. Drafting
4. Evaluating
5. Revising

Writing for experts:

1. General experts
2. Specific experts

Purpose of read a document:

1. To acquire information
2. To help make decisions
3. To learn how to do something

Document purpose:

1. To provide information
2. To give instructions
3. To persuade the reader
4. To enact something

Explicit purposes:

1. To provide information
2. To give instruction
3. To persuade the reader
4. To enact

To provide information reports:

Document types;

1. Literature reviews
2. Specifications

Sections in documents;

1. Background
2. Theory
3. Materials
4. Results
5. Tables

Phantom readers:

In some situations most important readers may b hidden from you. Written communications addressed to one person are used by others. These real but unnamed are called phantom readers.

Future readers:

While identifying your readers you should keep in mind the possibility that your communication may be used weeks, months or even years from now.

Complex readers:

Readers consisting of diverse groups with widely varying backgrounds and responsibilities, each with a different agenda and each with a different way of functioning and communication.

Characteristics of effective technical communications:

1. Accurate
2. Clear
3. Concise
4. Coherent
5. Appropriate

Accuracy:

Accuracy, which is the careful conforming to truth or fact, has three main aspects:

1. Document accuracy
2. Stylistic accuracy
3. Technical accuracy

Document accuracy:

Refers to the proper coverage of your topics in appropriate detail. Often an accurate document needs to focus clearly on a problem.

Stylistic accuracy:

Concerns the careful use of language to express meaning. Accurate language requires the careful use of paragraph and sentence structure and word choice to describe and analyze your topics effectively. It is also a mater of using words precisely.

Technical accuracy:

Requires stylistic accuracy but is not based on solely on it. The effective document in science and technology must be grounded in a technically accurate understanding and representation of the subject.

Clarity:

Which refers to ease of understanding, is a special problem in technical and professional writing. Specialized languages, mathematically detailed analyses and complex conceptual schemes can make technical subjects hard to grasp even when prepared by skilled writers and read by expert readers. We can increase the clarity of our material in following ways.

1. Structural clarity
2. Stylistic clarity
3. Contextual clarity