ENG505 Final Term Solved Papers

Compiled Past Papers of 505

Q-What are social strategies?

Answer: oxford (1990) suggests three sets of social strategies.

1- ask questions for clarification or verification and for correction.

2- cooperate with others which cover cooperation with peers and cooperating with proficient users of the new language.

3- empathize with others which includes developing cultural understanding and becoming aware of others thoughts and feelings.

Q-what is intrinsic motivated behavior?

Answer: Intrinsic motivation involves engaging in a behavior because it is personally rewarding; essentially, performing an activity for its own sake rather than the desire for some external reward. Essentially, the behavior itself is its own reward.

Q- what is applied linguistic?

Answer: Grabe (2002, p. 10) defines applied linguistics as a ‘practice-driven discipline that addresses language-based problems in real-world contexts.’ Schmitt and Celce-Murcia (2002): applied linguistics is using what we know about language, how it is learned, and how it is used, in order to achieve some purpose or solve some problem in the real world.

Q- what is CPH?

Answer: Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH) was a model that was primarily concerned with LI. Lateralization of the brain was thought to be a key to learning languages. It explains the maturity of brain and how the language functions are controlled in the left hemisphere.

Q- Define term Generalization?

Answer: generalization is the process of identifying the parts of a whole, as belonging to the whole. It is based on the notion that our statements and beliefs about a group of people, although factual, might not be true of every single person of that group.

And

Generalization is a purposeful contrast to explore whether an observed pattern can occur while certain aspects vary.

Q- Differentiate five points of traditional teaching method and 21st century teaching methods.?

Answer: Traditional methods of teaching that are still being adhered to in the schools:

• Teacher-centric classrooms
• Teachers in the mode of knowledge dispensers rather than facilitators
• Chalk and talk methods
• Regimented classrooms
• Lack of collaboration and group learning
• More emphasis on examinations and results rather than understanding of concepts
• Improper alignment between objectives, activities and assessments

Modern methods in use in education

• Technology-driven classrooms
• Inquiry-based learning
• Emphasis on understanding of concepts
• Emphasis on skill building, life skills and values
• Smart interactive boards
• BYOD – Bring your own device
• Collaborative learning
• Differential learning
• Activity-based learning and learning labs
• Problem-based learning

Q-define learning environment?

Answer: Learning Environment refers to the diverse physical locations, contexts, and cultures in which students learn. The learning environment takes into account all the physical conditions including classroom, text books, as well as cultural norms. It also equips teachers to organize educational settings to facilitate learning. The term also encompasses the culture of a school or class—its presiding ethos and characteristics, including how individuals interact with and treat one another—as well as the ways in which teachers may organize an educational setting to facilitate learning.

Q-Monitor model?( I took it from Google..you can check it in handouts as well)

The monitor model is an interesting set of hypotheses that were developed by Stephen Krashen in the late 1970s. The monitor model is interesting because some of its premises have been disproved, but during the 80s and 90s the monitor model was adopted by some educational systems much to their chagrin. However, this is not to say that this theory is unusable for the language educator, but what is taken from the theory and applied to the classroom must be weighted accordingly.

Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis

The origin of this hypothesis is completely flawed and science has disproved the basis, but if examined from a different aspect, can be beneficial to instruction.

Krashen saw acquisition as subconscious learning that was facilitated by something Chomsky had proposed in universal grammar (UG Theory) called the language acquisition device (LAD). The LAD was a feature in the brain that helped people learn languages, but Chomsky would have to later admit that there was no such thing.

If acquisition was subconscious, then the learning part of the hypothesis was what actually happens in the classroom. Since the educator is making the students consciously aware of the information, this was considered learning which is not as affective as acquisition.

Although there is no LAD as Krashen had considered when penning this hypothesis, many researchers do note there can be a difference between subconscious learning (acquisition) and conscious learning (learning).

Q- Variation theory?

Answer: The Variation Theory was introduced by Marton with emphasis on four patterns of variation: Contrast seeks to distinguish different and unlike things, Separation is the awareness of critical features and/or dimensions of variation, Generalization is a purposeful contrast to explore whether an observed pattern can occur while certain aspects vary, and Fusion integrates critical features or dimensions of variation into a whole under simultaneous co-variation.

Q-Processability theory?

Answer: ‘Processability Theory’ was proposed by Manfred Pienemann, and it refers to the grammatical development of learners’ interlanguage. The theory has been explained as ‘cognitively founded (hence applicable to any language), formal and explicit (hence empirically testable), and extended, having not only formulated and tested hypotheses about morphology, syntax and discourse-pragmatics, but having also paved the way for further developments at the interface between grammar and the lexicon and other important modules in SLA.’

The core characteristic of processability theory is that in the process of second language acquisition, learners can produce and comprehend those L2 forms which their L1 process can manage. It refers to two