ENG505 Midterm Solved Papers Fall 2018 by Maha Malik

Paper Pattern for Mid Term Exams · 12 MCQ’S (1 marks each) · 3 SHORT QUESTIONS (3 marks each) · 3 LONG QUESTIONS (5 marks eeach) · Time Duration: 1 hour (60 minutes) · Schumann Acculturation theory:

The basis of Schumann’s ‘Acculturation Theory’ is a ‘social theory’ which considers social forces as the deriving factors that affect language learning and acquisition processes. It emphasizes that instead of internal mental activities, the external factors facilitate learning by providing the target language culture for specific language functions. Language being social phenomena does consider attitudes and stereotypes towards the target language as affective learning factors. Errors can be corrected.

Steps in Acculturation Model: (imp)

Acculturation Model was introduced by John Schumann, an American linguist (1986), who claimed that the extent of contact between L2 and L2 speaker affects the success of SLA. Social and psychological factors are key components of acculturation process. According to Brown (1980), the stages of acculturation in the target language are Euphoria, Culture-shock, Cultural stress, Gradual recovery, and Full-recovery. Language shock, culture shock, culture stress, motivation, and ego permeability are the factors that are responsible for creating psychological distance as claimed by Ushioda (1993). Domination of high culture causing low self-esteem among L2 learners and lack of explanation about the internal processes of SLA are the major points of the criticism of Acculturation Model.

The Competition Model and the Associative-Cognitive CREED Theory (Nick Ellis):

The Associative-Cognitive CREED Theory in SLA was introduced by Nick Ellis which claims that language is learned in the same way as any other human skill. This theory is based on both the behavioral (associations) and cognitivist (cognitive) traditions.

Symbolic competence:

Kramsch and Whiteside (2008) defined Symbolic Competence as the ability to position oneself as a multilingual subject, to understand the cultural memories evoked by symbolic systems, to perform and create alternative realities, and to reframe and shape the multilingual game in which one invests. Kramsch believes that there are three dimensions of language as symbolic system, namely, symbolic representation, symbolic action, and symbolic power. Discourse plays important role in the interpretation of symbolic competence as it refers to language use beyond the sentence level. Relationship between language and contexts contribute in the understanding of symbolic competence. It is believed that ‘Symbolic Competence is also engaged in the symbolic power game of challenging established meanings and redefining the real.’

Mention any five levels of learning by Robert Gagne: (imp)

1. Gain attention
2. Inform of objectives
3. Stimulate prior knowledge recall
4. Present stimulus
5. Provide learning guideline

Q: Differentiate b/w deductive and inductive learning?

Deductive Learning

Inductive learning

Deductive Learning, being teacher centered approach, refers to providing learners with an understanding of the rules followed by examples and practice. The rules are of primary focus and the practice is encouraged through examples that inculcate rules. Inductive Learning, being learner-centered, begins with examples first and requires learner to determine rules relevant to the examples. Determining the relevancy of rules appropriate to examples is a challenging task for the learner. It equips learners with the knowledge of the concepts

Q: write any three points of criticism and constructivism?

Criticism:

Check topic (56)

Constructivism:

• Learning must be started with the issues around which learners are actively trying to construct meaning.
• The learning process focuses on primary concepts, not isolated facts.
• Construction of the knowledge, and not the memorization, is encouraged.
• Learners must be provided with information on the quality of their learning

Q: what are the three aspects of linguistic competence?

• Assessment component
• Planning component
• Execution component (Bachman, 1990, pp. 84-108)

Q: Write the core components of sociolinguistic knowledge according to Bachman and Palmer's revised model (1995, 2010) of CLA?

In the revised model of Bachman and Palmer, nomenclature was changed from the term competence to knowledge and strategic competence being proposed as a set of met cognitive strategies.

Q: write any five points of H.H. Stern’s language teaching method in the context of SLA.

• Practice, repeat, and practice in childhood as well as learning a foreign language (L1 and SLA)
• Language learning is mainly a matter of imitation (L1 and SLA)
• Practice the separate sounds, then words, then sentences (L1 and SLA)
• Understanding always precedes speaking (L1 and SLA)
• Natural learning order of four skills (L1 and SLA)

Q: Differentiate between the Characteristics of controlled and free techniques?

Controlled Techniques

Free Techniques

Teacher Centered Manipulative Structure Predicted Response Pre-planned Objectives