ENG505 Short Notes Lectures 20-40

Lesson-20

MODELS OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE

Q1. Components of Canale and sawains’s model ?

OR

Components of communicative competence model?

The initial Canale and Swain’s model of Communicative Competence was developed in 1980, following Hymes work, it proposed three components: Grammatical Competence Sociolinguistic Competence

Q2. Components of sociolinguistic competence given by Canale

Canale purposed two separate components with Division of sociolinguistic competence 1) Sociolinguistic Competence (appropriateness of register, vocabulary and politeness norms) 2) Discourse Competence (cohesion and coherence)

Q3. What is communicative competence model?

Celce-Murcia, Dornyei, and Thurrell (1995) proposed the communicative competence model as the representation of the previous models with the assertion that: ‘Discourse thus is the component in which (or through which) all the other competencies must be studied and ultimately assessed—if one is concerned with communicative competence, which is not a hierarchical system of discrete competencies or abilities but a dynamic, interactive construct’

Q4. Bachman and Palmer Model of Language Proficiency

Lyle Bachman’s (1990) Communicative Language Ability (CLA) is concerned with the understanding of the language and its appropriate use in a given situation based on Organizational Competence and Pragmatic Competence.

Q5. Types of competencies purposed by Communicative competence model given by Celce-Murcia?

Celce-Murcia’s revised model of communicative competence proposed six types of competencies:

1. Socio-culture competence
2. Discourse competence
3. Interactional competence
4. Linguistics competence
5. Formulaic competence
6. Strategic competence

Q6. What is symbolic competence?

Kramsch and Whiteside (2008) defined Symbolic Competence as the ability to position oneself as a multilingual subject, to understand the cultural memories evoked by symbolic systems, to perform and create alternative realities, and to reframe and shape the multilingual game in which one invests.

Q7. Three dimensions of language as symbolic system purposed by Kramsch?

Kramsch believes that there are three dimensions of language as symbolic system which are following:

•  Symbolic representation
•  Symbolic action
•  Symbolic power.

Lesson-21

CUP, BICS, AND CALP

Q8. What is CUP ( Common underlying proficiency) model given by cumins and swain 1986?

(CUP) model was introduced by Cummins and Swain (1986) as common underlying proficiency model. According to Cummins and Swain, people who are learning second language follows a framework of language structures and functions driven from a person’s knowledge of one language to help him or her learn the second or additional language known as CUP.

Q9. What is basic interpersonal communication skills ?

•  According to Cummins, Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) are considered to be not very demanding
•  They are the language skills needed in social situations.
•  Basic interpersonal communicative skills are language skills needed to interact in social situations, for example, when chatting to a friend.
•  Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) refer to linguistic skills needed in everyday, social face-to-face interactions.
•  For example the language used in the playground, on the phone, or to interact socially with other people is part of BICS.

Q10. Enlist examples of BICS?

Some of the examples of BICS are:

•  Observing speakers’ non-verbal behaviour (gestures, facial expressions and eye actions)
•  Observing others’ reactions
•  Using voice cues such as phrasing, intonations, and stress
•  Observing pictures, concrete objects, and other contextual cues

Q11. What is Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP)

Cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP) is a term proposed by Jim Cummins which refers to the stage of learning that learners go through after they have mastered social language communication skills. It is the stage where the development of academic language proficiency takes place in context reduced