ENG506 Final Term Compilation by Maha Malik

1. The Swedish group (Abba) recorded all its songs in English.
2. The total number of languages in the world (7097)
3. Urbanization developing countries of Pakistan (39.7%)
4. The population of Pakistan in 2017 (4.27%)
5. In proximity agreement verb agrees with (noun) rather than with the sentences more distant subject.
6. African American English is (similar) to American English.

1. Discuss the European ideology of contempt for other languages. (5)

Three roles of English in Europe: native, foreign and international language

Adaptations and innovations that show the European influence on the spread of English.

European English

• Intra-European communication
• Distinctly European uses of English
• Distinguish European English speakers from speakers of other varieties

2. Bilingual women make choice of a language to severel reasons? Discuss (5)

Bilingual women make language choices to:

1. Meet the needs of their speech community.
2. Ensure better future for themselves and their families.
3. Strengthen the status of English in world communities.

English-speaking bilingual women are considered as innovators of language change

They help in advancing the progress of English and gaining acceptance and importance along with regional dialects. Women play a key role in the transmission of English in world contexts and in constructing new identities.

3. Explain the phenomenon of linguistic imperialism in details(5)

Spread of English is equated with linguistic imperialism. It is a sort of imposition of one language on speakers of other languages. “Linguistic imperialism assumes the active promotion of the language by the dominant class as an active expression of power of the powerful over the powerless.” (Phillipson, 1992). “The dominance asserted and maintained by the establishment and continuous reconstitution of structural and cultural inequalities between English and other languages.” (Phillipson, 2006). Dominance of English is considered as letting or facilitating cultural, economic, and sociopolitical hegemony of Angloand Eurocentric views over the rest of the world

Paradox of linguistic imperialism:

• Linguistic imperialism as an outdated concept
• English as a tool empowerment and emancipation
• Widespread demand for more access to English

4. Ethnic varities involves language shift by a minorty groups Justify? (5)

• A result of immigration
• Produced by language contact
• Involves language shift on by a minority group from an ethnic language to English
• Involve modification of the dominant language
• Example: African American English (AAE),
• Perceived as homogeneous
• A strong degree of mixing, mutual accommodation, and koinéization
• Dialect studies show a great deal of phonetic, lexical, and grammatical variability
• No nationally uniform standard accent of American English
• Diversity has replaced homogeneity

5. write few lines on CPEC (3)

A collection of infrastructure projects that are currently under construction. Modernize Pakistani infrastructure strengthens economy by the construction of modern transportation networks numerous energy projects, and special economic zones.

6. how can you deal with the disadvantages of not owning English language explain(3)

7. Define approach, Method or Technique(3) · Method · APPROACH · TECHNIQUE

Consistent with approaches plans for linking theory with practice choices about skills, contents and sequencing. The broadest level. Theoretical view of what language is and of how it can be learnt. Most concrete level. Comprise the activities used to implement method.

8. what is the role of world English’s in the outer and expanding circle classrooms(3)

Outer and expanding circle classrooms:

• Textbooks focus on inner circle varieties