ENG506 Glossary by Asfand Yarr

1. Acculturation :The process by which a human being acquires the culture of a particular society from infancy
2. Code Mixing :Code-mixing is the mixing of two or more languages or language varieties in speech. Some scholars use the terms "code-mixing" and "code- switching" interchangeably, especially in studies of syntax, morphology, and other formal aspects of language.
3. Code Switching :The practice of alternating between two or more languages or varieties of language in conversation
4. Colonialism :The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically
5. Communicative Competence :Communicative competence is a term in linguistics which refers to a language user's grammatical knowledge of syntax, morphology, phonology and the like, as well as social knowledge about how and when to use utterances appropriately.
6. Complacence :A feeling of smug or uncritical satisfaction with oneself or one's achievements
7. Contact Literature :The literature written in distinctive varieties of English is called contact literature.
8. Corpus Analysis :Qualitative corpus analysis is a methodology for pursuing in- depth investigations of linguistic phenomena, as grounded in the context of authentic, communicative situations that are digitally stored as language corpora and made available for access, retrieval, and analysis via computer.
9. Creoles :A creole is a language that has developed from a mixture of different languages and has become the main language in a particular place.

10. Creolisation :Creolisation is the process in which Creole cultures emerge in the New World. As a result of colonization there was a mixture among people of Indigenous American, West African and European descent, which came to be understood as Creolisation. 11. Descriptivism :The doctrine that the meanings of ethical or aesthetic terms and statements are purely descriptive rather than prescriptive, evaluative, or emotive 12. Discourse :Discourse refers to a unit of language longer than a single sentence. 13. Foreign Language :A foreign language is a language originally from another country. It is also a language not spoken in the native country of the person referred to, i.e., an English speaker living in Spain can say that Spanish is a foreign language to him or her. 14. Globalisation :This is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations. 15. Institutionalization :The official recognition and acceptance of a language is termed as institutionalization 16. Interlanguage :A language or form of language having features of two others, typically a pidgin or a version produced by a foreign learner 17. International Language :Sometimes called universal language, a language intended to be used by people of different linguistic background to facilitate communication among them and to reduce the misunderstandings and antagonisms caused by language differences. An international language is usually intended not to supplant existing mother tongue but to play a secondary or auxiliary role as it furthers international communication. 18. Lexical :Relating to the words or vocabulary of a language 19. Lexicon :A lexicon is the knowledge that a native speaker has about a language. 20. Lingua Franca :A language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different 21. Linguicism :Kangas defined linguicism as the "ideologies and structures which are used to legitimate, effectuate, and reproduce unequal division of power and resources (both material and non-material) between groups which are defined on the basis of language". 22. Linguistic Diversity :It is a way to talk about varied types of traits including language family, grammar, and vocabulary. 23. Linguistic Imperialism :Linguistic imperialism is the imposition of one language on speakers of other languages. It also knows as linguistic nationalism, linguistic dominance, and language imperialism. 24. Monogenesis :The hypothetical origination of language or of a surname from a single source at a particular place and time 25. Morphology :Morphology is the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language. 26. Multilingual :A person with an ability to speak more than two languages 27. Native Language :A first language, native language or mother/father tongue (also known as arterial language or L1) is a language that a person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period. 28. Nativization :Nativization is the process whereby a language gains native speakers. This happens necessarily where a second language used by adult parents becomes the native language of their children.