ENG514 Glossary by Asfand Yarr

1. Accuracy :The quality or state of being correct or precise
2. Ambiguity :The quality of being open to more than one interpretation; inexactness.
3. Anaphora :The use of a word referring back to a word used earlier in a text or conversation, to avoid repetition, for example the pronouns he, she, it, and they and the verb do in I like it and so do they.
4. Assimilation :The absorption and integration of people, ideas, or culture into a wider society or culture.
5. Back channelling :Back channelling is the feedback which a listener gives to a speaker to show that (s)he is following, or understands what the speaker is saying.
6. Behaviorism :Behaviorism is a learning theory that only focuses on objectively observable behaviors and discounts any independent activities of the mind.
7. Bilingual :Speaking two languages fluently
8. Cognitive load :Cognitive load refers to the used amount of working memory resources. Cognitive load theory differentiates cognitive load into three types: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane.
9. Cohesive devices :Cohesive devices are words used to show how the different parts of a text fit together. In other words, they create cohesion. Some examples of cohesive devices are: determiners and pronouns, which can refer back to earlier words. Conjunctions and adverbs, which can make relations between words clear.

10. Colloquial speech :Colloquial speech conversational, informal refer to types of speech or to usages not on a formal level 11. Communicative competence :Communicative competence is a term in linguistics which refers to a language user's grammatical knowledge of syntax, morphology, phonology and the like, as well as social knowledge about how and when to use utterances appropriately. 12. Competence :The term linguistic competence refers to the unconscious knowledge of grammar that allows a speaker to use and understand a language 13. Competency-based assessment :Competency-based assessment is a form of assessment that is derived from the specification of a set of outcomes. It states clearly the expected outcomes 14. Computational linguistics :Computational linguistics is the branch of linguistics in which the techniques of computer science are applied to the analysis and synthesis of language and speech. 15.

Conversational

adjustments

:Conversational adjustments are the modifications that are made in terms of the interaction and content of the utterance 16. Deictic reference :A deictic expression or deixis is a word or phrase (such as this, that, these, those, now, then, here) that points to the time, place, or situation in which a speaker is speaking .Deixis is expressed in English by way of personal pronouns, demonstratives, adverbs, and tense 17. EAP :English for Academic Purposes 18. EFL :English as a Foreign Language 19. ESP :English for Specific Purposes 20. Fallacies of reasoning :A fallacy is the use of invalid or otherwise faulty reasoning, or "wrong moves" in the construction of an argument. A formal fallacy can be expressed neatly in a standard system of logic, such as propositional logic, while an informal fallacy originates in an error in reasoning other than an improper logical form. 21. Fluency :The quality or condition of being fluent 22. Grammar translation method :grammar–translation method is a method of teaching foreign languages derived from the classical (sometimes called traditional) method of teaching 23. Historical corpus linguistics :The modern field of corpus linguistics – based around the computer-aided analysis of extremely large databases of text – is largely a phenomenon of the late 1950s onwards. 24. IELTS :International English Language Testing System 25. Interactional linguistics :linguistics is an interdisciplinary approach to grammar and interaction in the fields of linguistics, the sociology of language, and anthropology 26. Interactive listening :Interactive listening requires learners to engage in faceto-face interactions where they often alternate between the roles of listener and speaker 27. Language acquisition :Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive. Input in the linguistic context is defined as " All words, contexts, and other forms of language to which a learner is exposed, relative to acquired 28. Language-focused learning :Language-focused learning has many names ? focus on form, form focused instruction, deliberate study and deliberate teaching, learning as opposed to acquisition, intentional learning and so on. It involves the deliberate learning of language features such as pronunciation, spelling, vocabulary, grammar and discourse. 29. Lexical resource :A lexical resource (LR) is a database consisting of one or several dictionaries. Depending on the type of languages that are addressed, the