ENG518 Midterm Short Notes by MAS All Rounder

FOR MORE VU DATA VISIT MY website: · ENG518 Midterm Short Notes · BY PIN2 and MUHAMMAD · (MAS All Rounder) · Lecture: 01

Research - it urges for the discovery of truth (critical thinking), defining and redefining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting, organizing and evaluating data, making deductions and reaching conclusions. Characteristics of research

The nature of research is systematic-logicalempirical-reductive-replicable. It gathers new knowledge or data from primary or first-hand sources. Emphasis upon the discovery of general principles Uses certain valid data gathering devices Logical and objective Eliminates personal feelings and preferences Carefully recorded and reported Conclusions and generalizations are arrived at carefully and cautiously

Functions of Research

Refinement and extension of knowledge happens Makes decision-making easier Improves learning and teaching processes Improves various aspects of human life

Lecture: 02

Areas of concern in ELT research

Students Teachers (ES/FL) Parents Admin Stakeholders Understanding of language issues What is ELT Research About?

Language policy Practical issues Problems related to second or foreign language The preservation of endangered languages Bilingualism Multilingualism Language education Assessment and evaluation Treatment of language Cross-cultural communication

Lecture: 03

Characteristics of Basic research

Theoretical

Contributing to subject knowledge No immediate value

Used for broader studies

Characteristics of Applied research

Action research

Solving problems

Specifying a problem

Types of research on the basis of:

Research objectives

Fundamental Action Nature of research

Exploratory Confirmatory Data collection procedures

Qualitative Quantitative Application of research

Longitudinal Cross-sectional Conceptual Empirical Other types of research

Educational research Historical research Educational research - the issues of influencing educational theories and practices are emphasized.

Consideration in educational researches

Teacher behavior Research having educational implication Educational administration Educational technology Educational significance

Scientific ways to solve problems

Developing the problem Forming the hypothesis