GSC101 Current Paper 8 AM

Written BY Doctor Of Pharmacy

Gsc 101 Paper Time 8am Date :10/9/20

Q1. Stomach brief Note ?

Stomach Stomach is mainly a storage organ. It also helps in digestion of proteins. Stomach has guarded openings on either side. There is a sphincter (group of muscles) which is pyloric sphincter that controls movement of food from stomach to intestine. The other sphincter is present where esophagus meets stomach. Gastric glands in stomach produces gastric juice, which contain mucus, hydrochloric acid and an enzyme called pepsinogen. Pepsinogen is converted into pepsin which is its activated form. Pepsin converts proteins to peptides. Protection of the stomach walls from the acid particularly is important, mucus secreted by the stomach walls cover the stomach lining to protect it from acidic damage. Stomach is also designed to mix up the food with enzymes and acid. Churning movements of stomach walls thoroughly mixes the food with gastric juice. Churning converts food to chyme, small part of which enters the small intestine by pyloric sphincter.

Q2. Kidney Brief Note?

Answer: Kidney is a bean shaped structure. A pair of kidneys is present in abdominal cavity attached to dorsal body wall. The concave part of kidney lies towards vertebral column. There is a depression present towards the vertebral column which is called hilus. The concave part provides space for entrance and exit of renal artery, vein and nerves. A thin tube ureter arises out of the concave part of kidney.

Q3. Importance Of Dairy and poultry?

Answer: Dairy and poultry Biology plays very important roles in dairy and poultry industries. Biology helps in many ways for example:

• Improved breeding techniques and cross breeds (more vigorous and resistant).
• Improved quality and quantity yield of meat, milk, wool and eggs.
• Diagnosis and cure for diseases in farm animals.
• Biological knowledge is also helping in providing balanced food for best yield.

Q4. Role of Pharynx in Digestive system?

Pharynx

Pharynx is a part of digestive system. It lies just behind the mouth and nasal cavity and above the esophagous and larynx. Food bolus passes through pharynx to enter the esophagus. Pharynx helps swallowing by closing the trachea and nasal cavity pathways.

Q5. Arrhinues theory of Acid and Base ?

Answer: Arrhenius concept of acid and base: According to Arrhenius theory an acid is substance which produces H+ ions when dissolved in water, examples; HCl, HNO3 etc. HCl  H+ + ClAccording to this theory a base is a substance which produces OHwhen dissolved in water. Examples include NaOH and KOH. NaOH  Na+ + OHWhen an acid and a base react, they cancel each other. This reaction is known as neutralization