IT430 Short Notes by Mr Shahbaz

IT430 E-Commerce · Short Notes · Lecture `1 to 18` · By ⁺˚⋆｡Mʀ ֆɦǟɦɮǟʐ ⁺ · Lecture 1 · E-COMMERCE

E-Commerce Classification:

1. Business-to-Business (B2B): Electronic transactions between organizations. 2. Business-to-Consumer (B2C): Retail transactions with individual shoppers. 3. Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C): Direct sales between consumers, often through classified ads or auction sites. 4. Consumer-to-Business (C2B): Individuals selling products or services to organizations. 5. Intra-Business (Organizational) EC: Internal activities within an organization, such as selling corporate products to employees or online training. 6. Non-Business EC: Academic institutions, not-for-profit organizations, religious/social organizations, and government agencies using EC to improve operations and customer service.

Basic Definitions:

1. Web client: A machine that initiates internet requests. 2. Web server: A machine that services internet requests. 3. Browser: Software on the client side used to interact with web data. 4. Intranet: An internal network of computers confined to a single place. 5. Extranet: Connection of two or more intranets, forming an Extranet (e.g., Virtual Private Network). 6. Internet: A global network of networks.

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Client-Server Model:

The internet follows a two-way client-server communication model.

The Web:

1. The Web is a protocol that uses the internet for communication. 2. It links documents stored in computers communicating on the internet. 3. It is based on Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for making web page requests. 4. HTTP follows a four-step process per transaction: Client makes an HTTP request, server accepts the request, server sends the page at HTTP, and client downloads the page.

Side Effects of HTTP Transfers:

1. All web transactions are recorded in a file called a common log file. 2. User data and site access information are recorded in log files. 3. User privacy may not be maintained.

Utilizing Data from Log Files or what can you do with this data

1. Rearrange your site based on popularly accessed and ignored portions. 2. Adjust marketing strategies based on user behavior. 3. Create a mailing list for targeted marketing based on user location data.

Lecture 2

WHAT IS A NETWORK

Network

A network can range from a simple collection of computers connected through a connectivity media to the internet, which is a global network of networks.

Local Area Network (LAN) is a server-based network confined to a specific area or place.

Reasons for Networking Computers:

1. File sharing. 2. Hardware sharing, such as printer sharing. 3. Program sharing. 4. User communication through an email server.

Network Protocol: Network protocols are standard rules that enable computers on a network to communicate and exchange data. A group of protocols that prepare data for communication is called a protocol stack.

ISO OSI Model:

ISO's OSI model is a conceptual model for network communications. It proposes a 7-layer architecture: Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical.000000000

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual model proposed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for network communication. It consists of seven layers:

1. Application layer:

Handles high-level protocols and interfaces for user applications, such as file transfer (FTP) and web browsing (HTTP).

2. Presentation layer:

Translates, encrypts, and formats data for effective communication between different systems. It defines file formats and data types using protocols like MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions).

3. Session layer:

Establishes, maintains, and terminates sessions between devices. It manages the communication link and provides synchronization and check pointing mechanisms.

4. Transport layer:

Ensures reliable and orderly delivery of data between devices. It provides services like segmentation, flow control, and error correction using protocols such as TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).

5. Network layer:

Handles logical addressing, routing, and packet forwarding. It assigns IP addresses to data packets and uses protocols like IP (Internet Protocol) and routing protocols (e.g., RIP - Routing Information Protocol).

6. Data link layer:

Organizes data packets into frames and manages physical addressing and error detection. It uses protocols like Ethernet and MAC (Media Access Control).