MGT610 Final Term Notes

autonomous

morality :

the last of Kohlberg's stages of moral development (also known as post conventional or principled morality); at these stages the individual has questioned previous laws and values and sees the value of reason in morality.

business

ethics :

A specialized study of the moral standards that apply to business policies, institutions, organizations, and behavior.

consistency

requirement

the necessity of moral principles to be applied the same way to everyone in similar circumstances.

conventional

morality :

the middle two of Kohlberg's stages, characterized by the ability to see situations from the point of view of others and to subordinate the needs of the individual to the needs of the group.

cyberspace

a term used to denote the existence of information on an electronic network of linked computer systems.

descriptive

study :

investigation attempting to explain or describe the world without reaching any conclusions about whether the world is as it should be.

ethical

relativism

the theory that morality varies according to culture and/or time.

ethics : the study of morality or the moral standards of a society or an individual.

genetic

engineering

new techniques that allow change in the genes of the cells of humans, animals, and plants.

globalization

the worldwide process by which the economic and social systems of nations have become connected.

information

technology

powerful and compact technologies that have allowed us to capture, manipulate, and move information in new and creative ways.

law of

agency :

a law that specifies the duties of persons who agree to act on behalf of another party and who are authorized by agreement so to act.

moral

reasoning

the reasoning process by which human behaviors, institutions, or policies are judged to be in or out accordance with moral standards.

moral

responsibility

the idea that agents are culpable for acting or neglecting to act.

moral

standards

norms about the kinds of actions believed to be morally right and wrong.

morality

the standards that an individual or a group has about what is right and wrong or good and evil (also, the subject that ethics investigates).

multinational

corporation :

a company that maintains manufacturing, marketing, service, or administrative operations in many different host countries.

nanotechnology

a new field that encompasses the development of tiny structures only billionths of a meter in size.

nonmoral

standards

standards by which we judge what is right/ wrong or good/bad in a nonmoral way.

normative

study :

investigation attempting to reach conclusions about what things are good or bad, or about what actions are right or wrong.

preconventional

morality :

the first two stages of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, centering on response to rules, punishments, and social expectations.

prisoner’s

dilemma :

a situation where two parties must choose whether to cooperate or not; both gain when both cooperate, while if only one cooperates the other gains even more, and if both do not cooperate both lose.

capitalist

justice :

the belief that benefits should be distributed according to the value of the contribution made by the individual to a group.

categorical

the requirement that I must act such that the maxim of my action could be made universal law (or the requirement that in acting I always treat others as ends in themselves and never as a means to an end).

communitarian

ethic :

concrete communities and communal relationships have fundamental value that should be preserved and maintained.

compensatory

justice :

the belief that persons should have restored to them what they lose as the result of another's wrong action.

cost- · benefit · analysis

analyzes desirability of a project by comparing present and future economic benefits to present and future economic costs.

difference

principle :

productive societies incorporate inequalities, but work to improve the position of the neediest.

distributive

justice :

concerned with the fair distribution of society's benefits and burdens; the belief that individuals who are similar in all