MTH202 Midterm Short Notes

Mth202 Short Notes Mid term · Lec 1 to22 · Website Link: · Important Note

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آپ کو کبھی بھی وہی جواب کاپی پیسٹ نہیں کرنا چاہیے جو ہم فراہم کر رہے ہیں۔ براہ کرم حل فائل میں کچھ تبدیلیاں کریں۔ اگر آپ ہمارے کام کی تعریف کرتے ہیں تو برا ہ کرم ہماری ویب ک و اپنے دوستوں کے

ساتھ شیئر کریں

Lecture No.1 Logic What is Discrete Mathematics? Discrete Mathematics concerns processes that consist of a sequence of individual steps. Define LOGIC: Logic is the study of the principles and methods that distinguish between a valid and an invalid argument. What is SIMPLE STATEMENT? A statement is a declarative sentence that is either true or false but not both. A statement is also referred to as a proposition. Define Logical Connective? There are five logical connectives A Logical Connective is a symbol which is used to connect two or more propositional or predicate logics in such a manner that resultant logic depends only on the input logics and the meaning of the connective used. Generally there are five connectives which are − OR (∨) AND

SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION

CONNECTIVE · MEANINGS · SYMBOLS · CALLED

Negation not Tilde Conjunction And/but Hat Disjunction or Vel If…then… Arrow if and only if Double arrow

EXAMPLE SENTENCE SYMBOLIC FORM

1. It is not hot. ~ p
2. It is hot and sunny. P ∧q
3. It is hot or sunny. P ∨ q
4. It is not hot but sunny. ~ P ∧q
5. It is neither hot nor sunny. ~ P ∧ ~ q

Define Truth Table? A truth table specifies the truth value of a compound proposition for all possible truth values of its constituent propositions. Define NEGATION (~)? If p is a statement variable, then negation of p, “not p”, is denoted as “~p” TRUTH TABLE FOR ~ p p ~ p T F F T Define CONJUNCTION (∧)? If p and q are statements, then the conjunction of p and q is “p and q”, denoted as “p ∧ q”. TRUTH TABLE FOR p ∧ q. p q p ∧ q T T T T F F F T F F F F

What is DISJUNCTION (∨) or INCLUSIVE OR?

If p & q are statements, then the disjunction of p and q is “p or q”, denoted as “p ∨ q”. TRUTH TABLE FOR p ∨ q p q p v q T T T T F T F T T F F F