PAK301 Important Topics

Pak301

Important Quiz, Topics:

In 1947 Pakistan inherited very small industrial infrastructure. Only about 4 percent of India’s industry was there in areas of Pakistan.

• Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation (PIDC) was established under a law in 1950.

Industrial Development Board was formed in 1948. All Five Years Plans from 1955, 1960, 196570 paid greater emphasis on private sector and rapid industrialization.

• Industrial Development Bank of Pakistan (IDBP) was set up in 1961.

The resources endowed by the nature to the country and the people are called National Resources, e.g., Mineral resources, rivers, forests and animals.

• Chromite: is used in preparing other metals, leather tanning, making of steel products, armament and stainless steel. The deposits of Chromite are found in Zoab (Muslim Bagh), Chaghai, Malakand, Mahmand, Waziristan, Fort Sandaman etc.
• Sulphur is used by chemical industry. Its deposits are found in Kalat, Khairpur, Mardan, and Jacobabad etc.
• Coal is used in power generation. It is basically used as fuel. It is not found in good quantity and quality. It is mostly found in Sindh (Thatta, Tharparkar, Manara) Balochistan (Deegari, Sharig, Soer, Khost, Maach, Hernai), Punjab (Makarwal, Dandot), NWFP (Cherat and Noshera).

Oil: It is a major source of energy. It is mostly imported from Iran and Gulf states. Now some valuable reserves are found in Jhelum, Mianwali, Attock, Balkasar, Mial, Chakwal, and Dhodak.

• Gas: it is itself a source of energy and fuel, and also used as a source of power generation. It is found in Sui, Mari, Uch, Khairpur, Jacobabad etc.
• Uranium: It is the basic element for atomic power, indispensable for the defence. Its deposits are in DG Khan, Hazara and Kohat.

The river system of Pakistan is consisted of Indus and other associated rivers. We have a welldefined Canal system. The most important one is the Indus Basin project.

Forests: Normally 25 percent area of a country should be covered with forest. But in Pakistan it is only 4 to 5 percent.

Agriculture: Pakistan is an agricultural country. More than 70 percent of its population lives in rural areas. Over 50 percent are directly engaged in farming or agro-based activities.

• Share of agriculture to GDP is 26 percent.
• In Punjab and Sindh plains are very large. There are irrigated farmlands.

Pakistan was comprised of two wings when it came into existence on August

East Pakistan separated in 1971. Post-1971 or present day Pakistan is located in the Northwestern part of South Asian Sub-continent.

It has maintained its distinctiveness in the Sub-continent. Indus Valley Civilization is as old as 2500-1600 BC. The archeological heritage of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro are clear evidence of this fact. Arians first came to this land followed by Islam and Muslims from Central Asia and Afghanistan. Muslim rule continued about one thousand years. Then the downfall of Muslim empire paved the way for British Rule, which ended with the formation of two independent states of India and Pakistan.

Pakistan is located between 24_37 degrees North latitude 61_75 degrees East longitude.

Its area is 796,095 sq Kilometers.

Provinces Territory Percentage Balochistan 347.2 43.61 Punjab 205.3 25.81 Sindh 140.9 17.71 NWFP 74.6 9.4 Fata 27.2 3.4

Pakistan is having a large population. The growth rate recorded over 3 percent in the 1970s to early 1990s. Now declined due to a number of measures by the government but still it is higher as compare to the other countries of the region. Census is taken after every ten years.

Year Population Annual Growth 1951 36.2 1961 46.2 2.80 1972 65.3 3.10 1981 84.3 3.06 1998 130.6 2.61

In 2006, the population is estimated to be over 160 million.

• China in the northeast: About 600 km long border in the Northern Areas. Silk Route is a major link for trade and traveling.

Afghanistan: North and Northwest about 1200 miles. Durand Line was drawn on November 1893 as a border between the two neighbors.

• Iran in the West share about 590 miles border from Koh-i-Malik Siah to Gawadar.
• India in the East having a border about 1400 miles which was established in August 1947.
• South: Arabian Sea, Coastline 450 miles. Stretches from the Rann of Kutch Indian border to the Iranian border in the West.

The Objective Resolution (1949) was moved by Liaquat Ali Khan, the then Prime Minister of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, and approved on March 12, 1949.

The first Constituent Assembly came into existence under Indian Independence Act 1947. The elections were held in July 1946. The number of such members was 69. It increased to 79 after the 1947 when some states joined Pakistan and then increase in the population. There were two major parties, Muslim League and Congress in the Assembly at that time.

The Government of India Act (1935) was modified and promulgated in the newly state of Pakistan. The elected members in the 1946 elections made the first Constituent Assembly that faced grievous circumstances.

First BPC Report: This committee presented its first report on 28th September 1950. According to this report two houses of the parliament were proposed. The lower house was to be elected on the basis of POPULATION and the upper house was to be elected on the basis of equal representation for all the provinces of Pakistan namely East Bengal, West Punjab, Sindh, NWFP and Baluchistan. Equal powers were proposed for the both Houses. No mention of National Language was made. East Bengal opposed this report and Liaqat Ali Khan withdrew it.

Muhammad Ai Bogra formula: Muhammad Ali Bogra immediately after assuming the office of the Prime Minister presented a formula to resolve the deadlock in constitution making. According to this formula Pakistan would have a bicameral legislature. In upper house there would be EQUAL representation to each of five units. In lower house population will be represented. In this way more representation was given to East Pakistan. Both wings would have equal strength in joint sessions of the two houses.

One Unit of West Pakistan was established on 14th October 1955. The provinces of Punjab, Sindh, NWFP and Baluchistan would be amalgamated in one unit to establish parity between the two parts of the country.

Two-language formula was adopted in 1954. Since 1973 Urdu was adopted as national language along with the support for development of regional languages.

Ghulam Muhammad called a Convention on May 10, 1955. All its members were to be elected indirectly (by the provincial assemblies). In this way, the 2nd CA came into existence.

The Constitution of 1956 was passed after long deliberations. It replaced the Interim Constitution. It has 234 Articles and 6 Schedules. It declared that the name of the country would be the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. There was clear impact of the Government of India Act, 1935 and the Interim Constitution.