PSY101 Midterm by Usama Gee

Solved By Personage: · Usama Gee (Bachelor of Science in Business · Administration 7 · th Semester) · Types of Hearing Impairment

1. Conduction Deafness: problem in conduction of air vibrations to the cochlea; the bones in the middle ear do not function properly. Treatment: microsurgery for replacing the affected bone with an artificial one.
2. Nerve Deafness: deafness caused by a damage to the neural mechanism that creates nerve impulses or relays them to the auditory cortex; deafness may also be caused by a damage to the auditory cortex itself.

Explain i) Relative Motionii) Relative Size

Relative motion: A monocular cue for perceiving depth and distance in which when we move, the objects at different distances change their relative positions with the visual image with those that are closest seem to be moving faster.

Relative Size :The monocular cue for depth perception in which we assume that the two objects are similar in size, the one that make the smaller image appears to be more distant.

Q4. If rat is under observation by scientists....... rat don't feel hungry and thirsty then in which part of the brain scientists implant electrodes to find the reason of not feelin hungry and thirsty? Also tell some characteristics of that part of brain. (3marks).

Thalamus is further divided into two sub-categories 1-Cerebellum 2- Limbic System

• Evolutionarily the structure of limbic system is rather old.
• The limbic system, often referred to as the "emotional brain", is found buried within the cerebrum.
• At the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres it is a doughnut-shaped system of neural structures; associated with emotions e.g. fear and aggression, and drives like hunger and sex; regulates body temperature, blood sugar level and blood pressure.

Operant Conditioning

• Type of learning in which a voluntary response becomes stronger or weaker depending on its positive or negative consequences.
• The organism plays an active role and „operates‟ on environment to produce the desired outcome.

Operant conditioning forms an association between a behavior and a consequence. Consequences have to be immediate, or clearly linked to the behavior. With verbal humans, we can explain the connection between the consequence and the behavior, even if they are separated in time.

What is Sleep disorder? Causes of sleep disorder(5 marks)

Sleep Disorders

• Sleep related problems ranging from inability to sleep, to difficulty falling to sleep, to interrupted sleep, to feeling sleepy even when one has had enough hours of deep sleep; Generally known by the name of Insomnia, sleep disorders include sleep walking and sleep talking as well.

Causes of Sleep Disorders

• Sleep disorders or slumbering problems may be due to various reasons:
• Stress • Preoccupation (concern or fear etc.) • Mental illness • Noise pollution
• Digestive problems • Physical illness

Four diseases caused by abnormal secretion of thyroid glands?

Diseases Resulting from Abnormal Secretion of Endocrine Glands

• Too much or too less secretions of endocrine glands can be harmful for the body.
• These secretions can be treated by controlling the over production, providing the essentials for production, or replacing hormones.
• Some of such abnormalities are:

1. Cretinism

• Occurs due to the lack of thyroid gland secretions. • Prevalent mostly in Southern France, Spain, Italy, and Switzerland

The major symptoms are:

• Person becomes restless and thin• Shows excessive emotionality
• Sleeplessness • Rapid heartbeat • Tremors

What will happen when you enter into the movie theatre/ a dark room and hardly see anything? (3 marks)

The isle, other people, or your seat. And what happens after a few moments? It is an example of adaptation to darkness

• Dark Adaptation means a heightened sensitivity to light resulting from being in low level of light for some duration
• On the contrary, you can see quite well in light after coming from the darkness__ dark adaptation
• The speed of processing from dark to light and light to dark adaptation is largely dependent on the rate at which the chemical composition in the rods and cones takes place.

Portion of Adrenal Cortex and their name. The adrenal cortex is essential to life because it has very important functions to perform, but the Medulla may be removed with no life-threatening effects.

Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex

The adrenal cortex consists of three different portions/ regions, each region produce different type of hormones. • Chemically, all these cortical hormones are steroid.

1. Mineralocorticoids

Secreted by the outermost region of the adrenal cortex.

1. Glucocorticoids

Secreted by the middle region of the adrenal cortex.

1. Gonad corticoids

• Also known as the sex hormones.
• These are secreted by the innermost region of the adrenal cortex.

Q: Brain layers and their names i think

Membranes of the Brain

• Between the surfaces of the brain and the skull, there are three layers of membrane called the meanings, which completely cover the brain and spinal cord.
• These three membranes are: