PSY404 Lectures 23-45

Abnormal Psychology (PSY404)

Table of Content

Dissociative Disorders I (Topic 125-131) Dissociative Disorders II (Topic 132-138) Feeding and Eating Disorders I (Topic 139-144) Feeding and Eating Disorders II (Topic 145-150) Sleep-Wake Disorders I (Topic 151-158) Sleep-Wake Disorders II (Topic 159-163) Disruptive, Impulse Control and Conduct Disorders I (Topic 164-

168)

Disruptive, Impulse Control and Conduct Disorders II (Topic 169-

174)

Disruptive, Impulse Control and Conduct Disorders III (Topic 175-

178)

Personality Disorders I (Topic 179-184) Personality Disorders II (Topic 185-191) Personality Disorders III (Topic 192-196) Psychosexual Disorders/ Paraphilic disorders I (Topic 197-201) Psychosexual Disorders II (Topic 202-205) Neurocognitive Disorders I (Topic 206-211) Neurocognitive Disorders II (Topic 212-217) Substance Related and Addictive Disorders I (Topic 218-223) Substance Related and Addictive Disorders II (Topic 224-228) Substance Related and Addictive Disorders III (Topic 229-234) Substance Related and Addictive Disorders IV (Topic 235-240) Substance Related and Addictive Disorders V (Topic 241-245) Substance Related and Addictive Disorders VI (Topic 246-251) Substance Related and Addictive Disorders VI (Topic 252-256)

Lesson 23 · Dissociative Disorders I · Topic 125-131 · Topic 125:

As discussed in previous lectures, a number of people with acute and posttraumatic stress disorders have symptoms of dissociation along with their other symptoms. They may, for example, feel dazed, have trouble remembering things, or have a sense of depersonalization or derealization. Symptoms of this kind are also on display in dissociative disorders, another group of disorders triggered by traumatic events. The memory difficulties and other dissociative symptoms found in these disorders are particularly intense, extensive, and disruptive. Moreover, in such disorders, dissociative reactions are the main or only symptoms. People with dissociative disorders do not typically have the significant arousal, negative emotions, sleep difficulties, and other problems that characterize acute and posttraumatic stress disorders. Nor are there clear physical factors at work in dissociative disorders. Most of us experience a sense of wholeness and continuity as we interact with the world. We perceive ourselves as being more than a collection of isolated sensory experiences, feelings, and behaviors. In other words, we have an identity, a sense of who we are and where we fit in our environment. Memory is a key to this sense of identity, the link between our past, present, and future. Without a memory, we would always be starting over; with it, our life and our identity move forward. In dissociative disorders, one part of a person’s memory or identity becomes dissociated, or separated, from other parts of his or her memory or identity. These disorders are characterized by Major disruption of memory, identity, or consciousness. Individuals with these disorders may not remember new or old information. One part of the person’s memory typically seems dissociated from the rest without any biological, medical or age related reasons. Such changes in memory, are called “Dissociative Disorders”. Dissociative disorders are characterized by a disruption of and/or discontinuity in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behavior. Dissociative symptoms can potentially disrupt every area of psychological functioning.

Topic 126:

Dissociative symptoms are experienced as a) unbidden intrusions into awareness and behavior, with accompanying losses of continuity in subjective experience (i.e., "positive" dissociative symptoms such as fragmentation of identity, depersonalization, and derealization) and/or b) inability to access information or to control mental functions that normally are readily amenable to access or control (i.e., '"negative" dissociative symptoms such as amnesia). The dissociative disorders are frequently found in the aftermath of trauma, and many of the symptoms, including embarrassment and confusion about the symptoms or a desire to hide them, are influenced by the proximity to trauma. In DSM-5, the dissociative disorders are placed next to, but are not part of, the traumaand stressor-related disorders, reflecting the close relationship between these diagnostic classes. Both acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder contain dissociative symptoms, such as amnesia, flashbacks, numbing, and depersonalization/derealization. This category includes the following disorders: Dissociative Identity Disorder (Previously known as Multiple Personality Disorder)

Depersonalization/ Derealization Disorder Other Specified Dissociative Disorder Unspecified Dissociative Disorder

Topic 127: Dissociative Identity Disorder

Dissociative identity disorder, once known as multiple personality disorder, is characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states or an experience of possession and recurrent episodes of amnesia. These personalities may not always be aware of each other’s memories, thoughts, feelings, and behavior.

According to DSM 5, Following is the diagnostic criteria of Dissociative Identity Disorder: