PSY504 Final Term Subjective 2023-2024 by VUBuddy

PSY504 FINALTERM SUBJECTIVE AUGUST 2023

Q1. What are Geons?

Biederman (1987) argues that there are 36 basic categories of sub-objects, which he calls Geons which is abbreviation of geometric ions. There are five geons that are making different objects. Like number 1 geon is a part of telephone. And geon number 5 is a receiver of telephone set. He uses geons to explain the objects. He says we can vary the size of the shape and get different objects. Same type of geons makes different things of different organization. Altogether Biederman proposes there are 36 geons that can be generated in this manner and that they serve as an alphabet for composing objects, much as letters or phonemes serve as the alphabet for building up words.

Q2. What is Interference theory?

Interference Theory - memory for other things or performance of another task interferes with memory. Two types of interferences are given below; Retroactive interference: later occurring information interferes with earlier information. Proactive interference: earlier occurring information interferes with later information.

Q3. What are Prototypes?

Proto means “essential or basics” when we make new things first of all we make a proto that explain briefly the new things. Typical features are averaged to make a mental representation. This unique representation may not match a single instance. We store information about categories in a head in the form of prototype is a problematic.

Q4. Types of LTM

There are different kinds of Long term memory.

1. Episodic versus Procedural

Amnesia patients forget their names but don’t forget how to brush their teeth.

2. Semantic versus Sensory

Sensory memory means we remember analog representations of things. Sensory representation is analog representation .It represents original things.

3. Implicit versus Explicit

Things you learned on purpose as opposed to things you learned anyway, like teacher shouting.

Q5. Top-Down Processing

The general context provided by the words forces the appropriate interpretation. When context or general world knowledge guides perception, we refer the processing as topdown processing, because high-level general knowledge determines the interpretation of the low-level perceptual units.

Q6. What is Grammar?

A grammar should be able to prescribe or generate all the acceptable sentences of a language andbe able to reject all the unacceptable sentences in the language.

Q7. Levels of Categories

i) Superordinate Category: “It is a large category at the top of the hierarchy.” Such as furniture, tools, vehicles etc. furniture isa large category it has sofa, bed, table, chair etc. tool is also a large category it has electronic tool,wood tool etc. vehicles is also large category. These are subordinate categories. ii) Basic Level Category: “It is an intermediate category in the middle of the hierarchy.” e.g. Table, chair, bed, sofa etc. We have direct link with these categories. These are basic level because their subordinate category is furniture. iii) Subordinate Category: “It is a small category at the bottom of the hierarchy.” e.g. lamp, screw-driver, truck etc. screw driveris a specialized category. There are many types of table such as, coffee table, lamp table etc. another example is car like 100 cc car 800 cc car etc.

Q8. What are Neural Networks and connections???

Neural networks is consisted on Nodes Links Excitatory Inhibitory Weights Learning consists of re-adjustment of weights

Excitatory connections These are those connections that make other nodes active. Those nodes are connected with excitatory connections they are active or charged. Inhibitory connections Those connections that make other nodes relax and switch off. Because of these connections the neural network exists.

Q9. Significance of Recite in PQ4R.

After finishing a section, try to recall the information contained in it. Try answering the questions