PSY510 Midterm Preparation by ZB

Q1. Which of the following is a key characteristic of developmental psychology?

1. Focuses on mental illness
2. Studies changes across the lifespan
3. Examines only childhood behavior
4. Focuses on neural development

Answer: b) Studies changes across the lifespan

Q2. Which of the following theorists is most associated with cognitive development?

1. Sigmund Freud
2. Jean Piaget
3. Erik Erikson
4. Carl Rogers

Answer: b) Jean Piaget

Q3. In Piaget’s theory, the ability to perform operations mentally rather than physically is part of the __________ stage.

1. Sensorimotor
2. Preoperational
3. Concrete operational
4. Formal operational

Answer: c) Concrete operational

Q4. According to Vygotsky, learning occurs most effectively in the zone of proximal development, which is the difference between:

1. What a child can do alone and what they can do with help
2. A child’s potential and their actual development
3. What a child can do with peers and with adults
4. A child’s readiness to learn and their willingness to do so

Answer: a) What a child can do alone and what they can do with help

Q5. Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development emphasize the importance of:

1. Free will
2. Social relationships
3. Sexual stages
4. Cognitive structures

Answer: b) Social relationships

Q6. Which of the following best describes the concept of "attachment" in developmental psychology?

1. The bond between a child and their caregivers
2. The ability to form social groups
3. The capacity for abstract thinking
4. The stage when children first learn language

Answer: a) The bond between a child and their caregivers

Q7. In the context of learning theories, which type of reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior?

1. Positive reinforcement
2. Negative punishment
3. Positive punishment
4. Negative reinforcement

Answer: a) Positive reinforcement

Q8. Which of the following is an example of a fixed-ratio schedule in operant conditioning?

1. Receiving a paycheck every week
2. Receiving a reward after every 10 responses
3. Receiving a reward after a random number of responses
4. Receiving a reward after an unpredictable amount of time

Answer: b) Receiving a reward after every 10 responses

Q9. Which of the following is the primary difference between classical and operant conditioning?

1. Classical conditioning is voluntary; operant conditioning is involuntary
2. Classical conditioning involves association between stimuli; operant conditioning involves reinforcement or punishment
3. Classical conditioning only occurs in animals; operant conditioning occurs in humans
4. Classical conditioning uses reinforcement schedules, while operant conditioning does not

Answer: b) Classical conditioning involves association between stimuli; operant conditioning involves reinforcement or punishment

Q10. Which of the following is an example of observational learning?

1. Learning to ride a bike through trial and error
2. Learning by hearing instructions from a teacher
3. Learning by watching a peer perform a task
4. Learning through reinforcement

Answer: c) Learning by watching a peer perform a task

Q11. Which type of memory allows us to retain information for a short period, typically 30 seconds or less?

1. Long-term memory
2. Short-term memory
3. Sensory memory
4. Working memory

Answer: b) Short-term memory

Q12. The ability to recall information without cues or hints is known as:

1. Recognition
2. Recall
3. Relearning
4. Priming

Answer: b) Recall