PSY513 Midterm Preparation by ZB

Q1. Which of the following best defines psychology?

1. The study of mental health disorders
2. The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
3. The study of animal behavior only
4. The study of human genetics

Answer: B) The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Q2. What is the primary focus of developmental psychology?

1. The study of how people learn new information
2. The study of psychological disorders
3. The study of how individuals change over the course of their life
4. The study of the brain and its functions

Answer: C) The study of how individuals change over the course of their life

Q3. Which research method involves observing behavior in its natural environment?

1. Laboratory experiment
2. Naturalistic observation
3. Case study
4. Survey

Answer: B) Naturalistic observation

Q4. What does the term "cognitive" refer to in psychology?

1. The study of physical traits
2. The study of mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving
3. The study of emotion and mood
4. The study of social interactions

Answer: B) The study of mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving

Q5. In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?

1. A neutral stimulus
2. A learned response
3. A stimulus that naturally triggers a response
4. A stimulus that eventually triggers a response through association

Answer: C) A stimulus that naturally triggers a response

Q6. Which psychologist is associated with the theory of operant conditioning?

1. Sigmund Freud
2. Carl Rogers
3. B.F. Skinner
4. John Watson

Answer: C) B.F. Skinner

Q7. Which of the following is an example of a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement?

1. Getting a reward after a variable amount of time
2. Getting a reward after a specific number of responses
3. Getting a reward after an unpredictable amount of time
4. Getting a reward after the first correct response

Answer: B) Getting a reward after a specific number of responses

Q8. In the context of memory, which of the following best describes "short-term memory"?

1. The ability to recall information over long periods
2. The memory store for facts and events
3. The temporary storage of information for a few seconds to minutes
4. The memory system responsible for unconscious processing

Answer: C) The temporary storage of information for a few seconds to minutes

Q9. What is the main function of the amygdala?

1. Regulating heart rate
2. Processing emotions, especially fear
3. Controlling motor skills
4. Storing memories

Answer: B) Processing emotions, especially fear

Q10. Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for higher-order cognitive functions such as thinking, planning, and problem-solving?

1. Medulla
2. Cerebellum
3. Limbic system
4. Prefrontal cortex

Answer: D) Prefrontal cortex

Q11. Which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely linked to mood regulation?

1. Dopamine
2. Serotonin
3. Acetylcholine
4. Glutamate

Answer: B) Serotonin

Q12. Which of the following best describes a "fixed mindset"?

1. The belief that abilities can be developed with effort
2. The belief that intelligence is static and cannot be changed
3. The belief that failure is a sign of a lack of effort
4. The belief that people should be praised for effort, not results

Answer: B) The belief that intelligence is static and cannot be changed