PSY513 Key Concepts and Short Notes

Organizational psychology (Virtual University of Pakistan)

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Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Organizational psychology (Virtual University of Pakistan)

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Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Forensic Psychology is devoted to psychological aspects of legal processes in courts to refer to investigative and criminological psychology. The word “forensic” means legal

the Sociological jurisprudence movement of 1930-1950, and goes back at least to 1908 Hugo Munsterberg (the founder of applied psychology) published the book On the Witness Stand in1908 psychiatrist Albert von Schrenck-Notzing offering testimony in court about pretrial publicity as far back as 1896 Hugo Münsterberg, a student of Wilhelm Wundt and a professor at Harvard University, In the United States, the first psychological experiment on the psychology of testimony was conducted by J. McKeen Cattell of Columbia University

psychiatrist William Healy, who in 1909, created the Juvenile Psychopathic Institute to assist the newly created juvenile court in Illinois, and his classic work is called Pathological Lying, Accusation, and Swindling. Daniel M' Naghten in 1843, who shot and killed the secretary of the prime minister, and the M' Naghten test for insanity was used for assessment. In 2001 the American psychological Association (APA) approved the creation of a new division called the forensic psychology division Testifying in court can also be stressful Divorce rate in US is 50%, one out of every two. The condition is little bit better in UK, one out of every three get divorced Projective technique usefull for the assessing parents behavior the ultimate goal of a forensic psychologist should only and only to assist court and find out the truth.

, Bartol (1982) have found that police applicant Antisocial Personality -- characterized by narcissism, suspiciousness, cynicism, toughmindedness, insensitivity, defensiveness, rigidity, irritability, resentfulness, sensation seeking and hyperactivity. Ineffectual Personality -- characterized by indecisiveness, introversion, dependency, cautiousness, oversensitivity, and tended to be quiet individuals who went through the motions and failed to make a difference on the street. Forensic Psychology can help at following different levels:

1. Personnel Selection · 2. Training Level · 3. Police Counseling and On duty Stress Manangement

The typical psychologist involved with personnel selection would use personality test results to assist selection boards to either "screening-in" or "screening-out". Many personality tests are used for recruitment but are not good predictor of honesty or/and corrupt behavior.

PSTR (Post Shooting Traumatic Response) or burnouts are common, as is "burst stress", which means that there is no steady stressor. “Stress is mental or physical tension that results from physical, emotional, or chemical causes Symptoms of Post Shooting Traumatic Response (PSTR) According to (Bartol & Bartol 2004 ) symptoms may include:

1. Perceptual distortions of time, sight and sound
2. Enhanced Sense of danger
3. Anger
4. Sleep difficulties
5. Isolation/ withdrawal
6. Flashbacks

CAPPS (Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System

Fitness-for-Duty Evaluation (FFDE)

SWAT team members and officers (Special Weapons and Tactics

IACP (International Association of Chiefs of Police)

False Confessions

“A false confession is where a suspect in a crime admits guilt to the crime, even though he or she is not responsible for the crime

key features of a crime and the likely characteristics of the perpetrator.

Profiling is the psychological sketch of the unknown criminal and is mostly used to narrow dowN

In 1968 to 1978 a much heightened crime was plane hijacking in US

Types of Deaths

Five generally accepted manners of deaths are:

1. Natural · 2. Accident · 3. Suicide · 4. Homicide · 5. Undetermined

Instrinict: Freud believed that humans were driven by two conflicting central desires Eros and Thanatos.

Eros

Eros is a Greek word meaning god of love and sexual desire. Eros is pleasure and life instinct. Freud's description of Eros included all creative, life-producing drives.

Thanatos

Is the death drive or death instinct, represented an urge inherent in all living things to return to a state of calm, or ultimately of non-existence

Brahma: who is responsible for creating things Vishnu: who maintains Shiva: who destroys

The term narcissism means love of oneself. This concept was also borrowed from Greek mythology. At the age of 5 or 6, as discussed earlier, boys experience the Oedipus Complex whilst girls experience the Electra conflict “Rage is a feeling/state of intense, severe and extreme anger and provides grounds for many violent crimes

The four main categories of child abuse

1. Sexual abuse
2. Emotional abuse
3. Neglact
4. Physical voilance

Freud also proposed the concept of Defense mechanisms that are unconscious strategies used by the ego to reduce conflict between the id and supereg

Projection is attributing one's own thoughts, feelings, or motives to another

. Sigmund Freud grounded this perspective in 1890s by writing about unconscious; he was the first to discover the unconscious mind.

Ratial profiling:

Police initiated action that relies on the race ethnicity, or national origin rather than the behavior of an individual or information that leads the police to a particular crimina