PSY611 Midterm Lecture-wise MCQs

Lecture # 1

What do ethics in psychology primarily focus on?

1. Societal norms
2. Moral and philosophical codes
3. Cultural changes
4. Technological advancements

Correct answer: Moral and philosophical codes

Which organization provides Ethical Principles and a Code of Conduct for psychologists?

1. UNESCO
2. WHO
3. APA
4. AMA

Correct answer: APA

What is the main purpose of APA's Ethical Principles and Code of Conduct?

1. Regional standards
2. Global uniformity
3. Individual preferences
4. Cultural variations

Correct answer: Global uniformity

What is one of the goals of ethics in psychology related to decision- making?

1. Absence of rules
2. Flexibility and variety
3. Uniformity in rules
4. Resistance to societal changes

Correct answer: Uniformity in rules

What influences ethical behavior in psychology according to the paragraph?

1. Economic factors
2. Cultural contexts
3. Individual preferences
4. Technological advancements

Correct answer: Cultural contexts

Why are ethics considered necessary in psychological research?

1. To limit participant involvement
2. To ensure psychological harm
3. To provide guidelines and protection
4. To prioritize societal benefits

Correct answer: To provide guidelines and protection

How are the benefits and risks of research assessed in ethical considerations?

1. Through cultural analysis
2. Through a cost-benefit analysis
3. Through societal norms
4. Through individual preferences

Correct answer: Through a cost-benefit analysis

What is the Nuremberg Code associated with?

1. Research principles after WWII
2. APA's ethical guidelines
3. Development of DSM-V
4. Declaration of Helsinki

Correct answer: Research principles after WWII

Which principle from the Belmont Report emphasizes respecting individuals' autonomy?

1. Respect for Persons
2. Beneficence
3. Justice
4. Non-maleficence

Correct answer: Respect for Persons

What does the principle of Beneficence in the Belmont Report focus on?

1. Maximum benefits with minimal harm
2. Individual autonomy
3. Equitable subject selection
4. Cultural variations

Correct answer: Maximum benefits with minimal harm

What is the primary role of the Declaration of Helsinki in research involving human subjects?

1. Defining ethical guidelines for psychologists
2. Protecting patient health in medical research
3. Balancing benefits and risks
4. Informed consent for research participation

Correct answer: Protecting patient health in medical research

How often are APA's Code of Ethics and Conduct updated?

1. Annually
2. Monthly
3. Regularly
4. Biennially

Correct answer: Regularly

What is the main disadvantage of a spinlock semaphore in psychological research?

1. Complexity
2. Lack of structure
3. Busy waiting
4. Overhead costs

Correct answer: Busy waiting

In the context of research ethics, what is the definition of "benefit"?

1. Potential advantages
2. Financial gains
3. Physical harm
4. Psychological risks

Correct answer: Potential advantages

Which ethical principle emphasizes treating subjects equitably in research?

1. Justice
2. Respect for Persons
3. Beneficence
4. Non-maleficence

Correct answer: Justice

What is the primary purpose of the Nuremberg Code?

1. Protecting patient health
2. Ensuring justice in research
3. Establishing ethical principles after WWII
4. Defining research ethics

Correct answer: Establishing ethical principles after WWII

What is the goal of the Declaration of Helsinki concerning vulnerable groups in research?

1. To exploit vulnerability
2. To minimize risks
3. To use vulnerable groups exclusively
4. To disregard ethical norms

Correct answer: To minimize risks

What is the primary focus of the Belmont Report's principle of Justice?

1. Individual autonomy
2. Equitable subject selection
3. Maximizing benefits
4. Avoiding research with unfavorable risk-benefit ratios

Correct answer: Equitable subject selection

Answer: B) Equitable subject selection