SOC609 Current Paper Answers

Q1. Explain types of observation?

Participatory observation:

* The researcher actively participates in a group or activity. * DEEP Panda helps gain inner understanding. * Normal in Ethnographic Research.

Non-participatory Observation

* The researcher observes a distance without communicating. * Reduces performance on participants' behavior. * Suitable for objective or structured observations.

Partially participatory observation

* The researcher sometimes interacts but is not fully engaged. * The involvement and objection of the balance. * Useful when full partnership is possible or not necessary.

Q2. Technique for a successful interview?

1. ​ Prepare Thoroughly
2. ​ Build Rapport
3. ​ Use Open-Ended Questions
4. ​ Practice Active Listening
5. ​ Be Flexible
6. ​ Probe for Depth
7. ​ Stay Neutral
8. ​ Record and Take Notes
9. ​ Ensure Confidentiality
10. ​Thank the Participant

Q3. Approaching qualitative research?

1. ​ Ethnography
2. ​ Ethnomethodology
3. ​ Phenomenology

Q4. Robert Putnam 1995 “Theory of reciprocity”. Write 3 types?

1. ​ Positive reciprocity
2. ​ Negative reciprocity
3. ​ Balance reciprocity

Q5. Trust building in case study?

1. ​ Establishing rapport
2. ​ Transparency
3. ​ Confidentiality
4. ​ Empathy
5. ​ Active listening
6. ​ Consistency
7. ​ Respect
8. ​ Foster collaboration
9. ​ Enhance validity
10. ​Reflexive
11. ​Cultural Sensitivity
12. ​Flexibility
13. ​Feedback

Q6. What are ways of data collection in biographical study?

1. ​ Oral history
2. ​ Life history
3. ​ Personal narrative biography
4. ​ Oral biography
5. ​ Documentary biography (photos/
6. ​ videos/ audios).

Q7. What methods are used in data collection in the grounded theory and why?

Interviews and observations are used in this method. In this method data collection and analysis is parallel and constructs and concepts are the data.

Or

Interviews and observation are used in this method, because it provides the Deep contextual, referred to insights. The analysis is parallel to the data collection data emerging from the data. This repetitive process leads to the development of well ground concepts and theoretical structure.

Q8. Linkage between Theory and research?

Aspects · Theory · Research

Role Provides a framework for research Emerges from research findings

Purpose To test or apply existing theories To build or generate new theories

Approach Deductive Inductive

Common method Surveys, experiments Interviews,observations ( Grounded Theory)

Direction of process Starts with theory Starts with data

Nature of relationship Theory informs research Research informs theory

Q9. Why is peer review important for reliability and validity of research and its impacts?

Peer review is vital for field work planning, providing conceptual clarity, exposure, cultural understanding, theoretical clarity, and identifying strategy gaps, while also fostering mutual learning and identifying potential issues.

Q10. How to make research reader friendly?

1. ​ Use clear, simple language and avoid jargon.
2. ​ Arrange the material with clear title and logical flow.