STA301 Midterm Current Solved Papers Spring 2022 by Prince Alvi

Q1. Define statistics

The word “Statistics” which comes from the Latin words status, meaning a political state, originally meant information useful to the state, for example, information about the sizes of population sand armed forces. But this word has now acquired different meanings.

Q2. Find Class mark & relative frequency

Q9. Why Venn diagram is important?

VENN DIAGRAM A diagram that is understood to represent sets by circular regions, parts of circular regions or their complements with respect to a rectangle representing the space S is called a Venn diagram, named after the English logician John Venn (1834-1923). The Venn diagrams are used to represent sets and subsets in a pictorial way and to verify the relationship among sets and subsets

Q10. Compute sampling error. Values were given

Q11. Define probability

The definition was formulated by the French mathematician P.S. Laplace (1949-1827) and can be very conveniently used in experiments where the total number of possible outcomes and the number of outcomes favorable to an event can be DETERMINED.

Q12. Define Geometric Mean

GEOMETRIC MEAN The geometric mean, G, of a set of n positive values X1, X2,…,Xn is defined as the positive nth root of their product.

Q13. Find AU(BUC)=(BUA)UC

Q14. Find Cumulative frequency

Q15. Difference between Ordinal scale or nominal scale

NOMINAL SCALE The classification or grouping of the observations into mutually exclusive qualitative categories or classes is said to constitute a nominal scale. ORDINAL OR RANKING SCALE It includes the characteristic of a nominal scale and in addition has the property of ordering or ranking of measurements.

Q16. Scales ki examples di thin, unke age likhna tha konsi type hy

NOMINAL SCALE The classification or grouping of the observations into mutually exclusive qualitative categories or classes is said to constitute a nominal scale. For example, students are classified as male and female. Number 1 and 2 may also be used to identify these two categories. Similarly, rainfall may be classified as heavy moderate and light. We may use number 1, 2 and 3 to denote the three classes of rainfall. The numbers when they are used only to identify the categories of the given scale carry no numerical significance and there is no particular order for the grouping. ORDINAL OR RANKING SCALE It includes the characteristic of a nominal scale and in addition has the property of ordering or ranking of measurements. For example, the performance of students (or players) is rated as excellent, good fair or poor, etc. Number 1, 2, 3, 4 etc. are also used to indicate ranks. The only relation that holds between any pair of categories is that of “greater than” (or more preferred). INTERVAL SCALE A measurement scale possessing a constant interval size (distance) but not a true zero point, is called an interval scale. Temperature measured on either the Celsius or the Fahrenheit scale is an outstanding example of interval scale because the same difference exists between 20o C (68o F) and 30o C (86o F) as between 5o C (41o F) and 15o C (59o F). It cannot be said that a temperature of 40 degrees is twice as hot as a temperature of 20 degree, i.e. the ratio 40/20 has no meaning. The arithmetic operation of addition, subtraction, etc. is meaningful. RATIO SCALE It is a special kind of an interval scale where the sale of measurement has a true zero point as its origin. The ratio scale is used to measure weight, volume, distance, money, etc. The, key to differentiating interval and ratio scale is that the zero point is meaningful for ratio scale.