STA301 Glossary Set 2 by VUBuddy

STA301 - Statistics and Probability Glossary By

Pie Chart : Pie Chart consists of a circle which is divided into two or more mars in accordance with the number of distinct classes that we have in our data.

Statistical Inference : Statistical Inference is an estimate or prediction or some other generalization about a Population based on information contained in a sample.

Statistics is that science which enables to draw conclustions about various phenomena one the basis of real data collected on sample basis.

Sample : Sample is that part of the Population from which information is collected.

What is meant by order?. : Order: Arrangement of objects in ascending or descending way is known as order.

Population : The collection of all individuals,items or data under consideration in statistical study is called Population.

Nominal Scale : The classification or grouping of observatoins into mutually exclusive qualitative categories is said to constitute a nominal scale e.g students are classified as male and female.

Ordinal Scale : It includes the characteristic of a nominal scale and in addition has the property of ordering or ranking of measurments e.g the performance of students can be rated as excellent,good or poor.

Interval Scale : A measurment scale possessing a constant interval size but not true zero point is called an Interval Scale.

Ratio Scale : It is a special kind of an interval scale in which the scale of measurment has a true zero point as its origin.

Median : Median of a set of values arranged in ascending or descending order of magnitude is defined as middle value if the number of values is odd and mean of two middle values if the number of values is even. Median is a value at or below which 50% of data lie. Average : A single value which intended to represent a distribution or a set of data as a whole is called an average. It is more or less a central value around which the observations tend to cluster so it is called measure of central tendency. Since measure of central tendency

Mean Deviation : The mean deviation is defined as the arithmetic mean of the deviations measured either from the mean or from the median, all deviations being counted as positive.

Chebshev's Theorm : Chebshev's Theorem states that " For any number K greater than one at least 1-1/k2 of the data values fall with in K standard deviations of the mean i.e. Within the interval.

Moments : Moments are the arithmetic means of the powers to which the deviations are raised.

Kurtosis : kurtosis is the degree of peakness of a distribution usually taken relative to a normal distribution.

Correlation : Correlation is a measure of the strength or the degree of relationship between two random variables. OR Interdependence of two variables is called correlation.

Venn Diagram : A diagram that is understood to represent sets by circular regions, parts of circular regions or their complements with respect to a rectangle representing the space S is called a Venn diagram. The Venn diagrams are used to represent sets and subsets in a pictorial way and to verify the relationship among sets and subsets.

Mutually Exclusive Event : Two events are said to be mutually exclusive events if and only if they can not both occur together at the same time. OR Two events are said to be mutually exclusive events if the occurrence of one event discard the occurrence of other event.

Independent events : Two events A and B in the same sample space S, are defined to be independent (or statistically independent) if the probability that one event occurs, is not affected by whether the other event has or has not occured.

Random variable : A numerical quantity whose value is determined by the outcome of a random experiment is called a random variable. Distribution Function : The function which gives the probability of the event that X takes a value less than or equal TO a specified value x is called a distribution function and is also called the cumulative distribution function.

Cumulative Distribution Function : The function which gives the probability of the event that X takes a value less than or equal TO a specified value x is called a cumulative distribution function and is also called the distribution function.

Sampling Frame : A sampling frame is a complete list of all the elements in the population.

Sampling Error : The sampling error is the difference between the the sample statistic and the population parameter.

Probability Samples : Probability samples are those in which following the sampling plan each unit in the poplation has a known probability of being included in the sample.

Non probability samples : Non probability samples are those in which the sample elements are the arbitrarily selected by the sampler because in this judgment the elements thus chosen will most effectively represent the Population.

Frequency Polygon : A frequency polygon is obtained by plotting the class frequencies against the mid-points of the classes, and connecting the points so obtained by straight line segments.

Variable : A measurable quantity which can vary from one individual or object to another is called a variable.

Constant : A quantity which can assume only one value is called a constant

Event. : the possible outcomes of an experiment is known as event.

Data. : A well defined collection of objects is known as data.

Mode : The mode is a value which occures most frequently in a set of data i.e. It indicates the most common result

Box and Whisker plot : A Box and Whisker plot provides a graphical representation of data through its five number summary.