STA630 Midterm Preparation by ZB

Q1. Which of the following is the first step in the research process?

1. Data collection
2. Problem identification
3. Literature review
4. Hypothesis formulation

Answer: b) Problem identification

Q2. A research hypothesis is:

1. A proven fact
2. A testable statement
3. A statistical analysis
4. An untestable assumption

Answer: b) A testable statement

Q3. Which type of research aims to solve a specific problem?

1. Basic research
2. Applied research
3. Exploratory research
4. Descriptive research

Answer: b) Applied research

Q4. In qualitative research, the primary focus is on:

1. Statistical analysis
2. Numerical data
3. Subjective interpretation
4. Hypothesis testing

Answer: c) Subjective interpretation

Q5. A variable that the researcher manipulates is called:

1. Dependent variable
2. Independent variable
3. Confounding variable
4. Extraneous variable

Answer: b) Independent variable

Q6. A literature review helps in:

1. Formulating hypotheses
2. Identifying gaps in research
3. Establishing theoretical frameworks
4. All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Q7. Which of the following sampling methods is non-probability based?

1. Simple random sampling
2. Stratified sampling
3. Convenience sampling
4. Cluster sampling

Answer: c) Convenience sampling

Q8. The degree to which a research instrument measures what it intends to measure is called:

1. Reliability
2. Validity
3. Accuracy
4. Consistency

Answer: b) Validity

Q9. When two variables move in opposite directions, this is referred to as:

1. Positive correlation
2. Negative correlation
3. No correlation
4. Causal relationship

Answer: b) Negative correlation

Q10. A structured questionnaire primarily includes:

1. Open-ended questions
2. Closed-ended questions
3. Observational notes
4. Interviews

Answer: b) Closed-ended questions

Q11. An operational definition:

1. Provides the dictionary meaning of a concept
2. Explains how a concept will be measured
3. Describes the population
4. Summarizes the research problem

Answer: b) Explains how a concept will be measured

Q12. The group to which the results of a study apply is called:

1. Sample
2. Population
3. Subgroup
4. Control group

Answer: b) Population