STA630 Solved Papers with References 2009 Session 4 by Afaaq and Shani Bhai

Midterm Examination · Fall 2009 · STA630 Research Methods (Session – 4) · Asslam O Alikum

STA630 Research Methods 2010 (Session – 4) 100% correct solved with reference By Afaaq, Shani Bhai n Adeel solved by Afaaq

Remember Us In Your Prayers · Best regard’s · Muhammad Afaaq · Mba 3 rd Finance Group · Manager vu-learning-pk · Super Moderator in · Islamabad · If u like me than raise your hand with me · If not than raise ur standard · That’s about me … !

( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one On which of the following, Scientific knowledge mostly relies?

1. Identification of events
2. Logical understanding
3. Prior knowledge

P # 4 Science is based on the assumption that all events have antecedent causes that are subject to identification and logical understanding.

Q2. What does an empiricist believe? (1 marks)

All the knowledge that we have of life after death can be used in research.

Knowledge in the form of ‘facts’ should be gained through sensory experience

(Afaaq)

How do we actually know the things we know? People told us some of them, we read about some of them and others we saw, or felt for ourselves. This is at the heart of empiricism - we acquire knowledge through our sensory perceptions. It follows that the empiricist approach to research is to gather information through observation of the 'real' world and let theory emerge as a kind of conclusion. We should not start out with a theory, an empiricist might say, and find facts which seem to suit. Now, although this discussion might seem a bit too philosophical for some and consequently, a bit esoteric, most social research depends on 'empirical' data. What this means is that most research studies include quite a bit of primary data gathering and are not just limited to musing about what others have said. Or

Q2. Research conducted within the British Empire was biased and unreliable. Research should not always necessarily rely on the scientific methods.

Q3. All of the following are true about theories, except: (1 marks)

They organize and summarize existing knowledge about a topic. They are tentative until the facts prove them true.

(Afaaq)

They provide possible explanations for the phenomenon under study. They lead to testable hypotheses through the process of deduction.

Q4. Which of the following statements it TRUE for operational definition? (1 marks)

It is one that bears no relation to the underlying concept. It is an abstract, theoretical definition of a concept

A definition of a concept in terms of specific and empirical

measures.

(Afaaq)

P # 18 Operational definition is also called a working definition stated in terms of specific testing or measurement criteria. The concepts must have empirical referents (i.e. we must be able to count, measure, or in some other way gather thee information through our senses). It is one that refers to opera singers and their work.

Q5. Which of the following statements is false about variables? (1 marks)

Discrete variables allow measurement of an infinite number of fractions of units of measurement. Discrete variables can only have whole number values. Continuous numbers can only have whole number values.

(Afaaq)

Variables that can take on any value and therefore are not discrete are called continuous. Continuous measures do not allow for scores that fall between two number values.

Q6. A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is known as: (1 marks)

Discontinuous variable Dependent variable

(Afaaq)

Intervening variable

Q7. Which of the following can best be described as a categorical variable? Age (1 marks)

Annual income Grade point average

Religion

(Afaaq)

Q20. Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

‘There is no relationship between higher motivation level and higher efficiency’ is an example of which type of hypothesis?

Alternative Correlational

Null

(Afaaq)

P # 22

Null Hypothesis

It is used for testing the hypothesis formulated by the researcher. Researchers treat evidence that supports a hypothesis differently from the evidence that opposes it. They give negative evidence more importance than to the positive one. It is because the negative evidence tarnishes the hypothesis. It shows that the predictions made by the hypothesis are wrong. The null hypothesis simply states that there is no relationship between the variables or the relationship between the variables is “zero.” That is how symbolically null hypothesis is denoted as “H0”. For example: H0 = There is no relationship between the level of job commitment Research