ZOO202 Final Term Objective 2022 by Sulman Ali

OBJECTIVE

ZOO202 Animal Diversity Chordates FINAL TERM PAPER PREPARATION BEST FILE BY

SULMAN ALI

BS-ZOOLOGY 4TH SEMESTER SPRING 2022

1. 1. Protochord are generally knowan as.....Lower chordate
2. Larva of frog is ........Tadpol
3. Which mammal have no hair in adult.........Whales
4. .........which have cloaca.
5. A coat of hair called.........usually Pealage
6. In mammals hair colours depends upon pigment.....Melanin
7. Most mammals have....... sets of teeth during lives.Two
8. Giraffa and whale have ........neck vertebrae Cervical
9. Chiropteria include.........Bats
10. Kidney name of mammals. Metanephric
11. ... Venome Glands are modified.....Salivary glands
12. Reptiles tempratures range. 27 to 37
13. Sperm may be store for up to ........years. 4 years
14. Penguins belong to..... Order Sphenisciformes
15. Pigeon milk produced by.... Crop
16. special voice box ......in birds. Syrinx
17. 19. birds maintan body temprature at..... 38 to 45°
18. 1000000/mm.....
19. Reptiles possess......atria. Two
20. Eoalulavis had wing structure called...... Alula
21. The beginning of the Tertiary period, about 70 million years ago, was the start of the “ age

of mammals Territory period

24. .........which have altrical. Robins
25. Birds excrete......... Uric acid

that become dislodged can be rehooked by running a feather through the bill Hamuli

1-The allantois is a ventral outgrowth of the gut and stores nitrogenous wastes (e.g., uric acid). 2-bony fishes possess outpockets of the intestine, called

pyloric ceca, which increase absorptive and secretory surfaces

3-The similarities between birds and reptiles are so striking that birds are often referred to as “glorified reptiles.” 4-plate of bone, called the secondary palate, evolved in the archosaurs and separates the nasal and mouth passage ways.

5. Tail loss, or autotomy, is an adaptation that allows a lizard to escape from a predator’s grasp, or the disconnected, wiggling piece of tail may distract a predator from the lizard.

6-The tongues of turtles and crocodilians are non-protrusible and aid in swallowing. 7-Most reptiles excrete uric acid. It is nontoxic, and being relatively insoluble in water, it precipitates in the excretory system.

8-Members of the genus Lampetra are called brook lampreys.

9-Eggs hatch in approximately three weeks into ammocoete larvae.

10-a group of fishes called hag-fishes are the most primitive vertebrates known (living or extinct).

11-It was present in the bony armor of a group of fishes called ostracoderms.

12-In addition to their biting mouthparts and paired appendages, chondrichthians possess epidermal placoid scales and a cartilaginous endoskeleton. 13-A third group of sarcopterygians, called osteolepiforms. 14Long gill processes, called gill rakers, trap plankton while the fish is swimming through the water with its mouth open.

15Reptiles in the subclass Anapsida lack openings or fenestrae region of the skull.

16The approximately 225 species of turtles are characterized by a bony shell, limbs, articulating internally to the ribs, and a keratinized beak rather than teeth.

17The dorsal portion of the shell is the carapace.

18The ventral portion of the shell is the plastron.

19Turtles have eight cervical vertebrae that can be articulated into an S-shaped.

20All turtles are oviparous they lay and cover with soil clutches of 5 to 100 eggs. 21About 3,300 species of lizards are in the suborder Sauria.

22Lizards vary in length from only a few centimeters to as large as 3 m.

23Geckos, commonly

found on the walls of human dwellings in semitropical area.

24Iguanas have robust bodies, short necks, and distinct heads.

25Chameleons are adapted to arboreal lifestyles and use a long, sticky tongue to capture insects.

26About 2,300 species are in the suborder Serpentes. 27The skin of amphisbaenians has ringlike folds called annuli.

28The order Crocodilia has 21 species.

29Crocodilians have not changed much over their 170 million-year history.

30The crocodilians stomach is gizzardlike, and crocodilians swallow rocks and other objects as abrasives for breaking apart ingested food.

31-Reptilian skin is thick, dry, and keratinized

32All reptiles periodically shed the outer, epidermal layers of the skin in a process called ecdysis

33Tail loss, or autotomy, is an adaptation that allows a lizard to escape from a

predator’s grasp, or the disconnected, wiggling piece of tail may distract a predator from the lizard.

34Skull and jaws of reptiles help to capture large prey. 35Venom glands are modified salivary glands. 36 In most reptiles, a negative-pressure mechanism is responsible for lung ventilation.

37To sustain activity, however, body temperatures are regulated within a narrow range, between 25 and 37° C.

38Heat loss from these groups, called hibernacula,.

39In snakes and some lizards, the upper and lower eyelids fuse in the embryo to

form a protective window of clear skin, called the spectacle. A kidney with many more blood-filtering units, called nephrons

41The functional kidneys of adult reptiles are called metanephric kidneys.

42Lizards and snakes possess paired hemipenes at the base of the tail that are erected by being turned inside out, like the finger of a glove.

43Gonads lie in the abdominal cavity.

44Birds have horny beaks and scaly feet. Birds’ complex mating systems and behavioral patterns increase the chances of offspring survival

46In 1861, one of the most important vertebrate fossils was found in a slate quarry in Bavaria, Germany.

47Sinornis fossils are 135 million years old—only 15 million years younger than Archaeopteryx.

48Eoalulavis, was found in 115million-year-old deposits and had a wingspan of 17 cm (roughly the same as a goldfinch). 49- . It is sufficient to say that adaptive radiation has resulted in about 9,100 species of living birds, which are divided into about 27 orders (table 21.1).

50The covering of feathers on a bird is called the plumage.

51Preening, which is done by rubbing the bill over the feathers, keeps the feathers smooth, clean, and in place. 40-

❖ 45-