ZOO501 Solved Paper Updated 2022

Quiz No.1

1. A region of globular actin molecules lies between the nucleus and the acrosomal vesicle.

________________________________________________________________sea urchins

2. A region that is not translated into protein. _____________________Untranslated region
3. Transcription factors have …..major domains. _______________________________ three
4. The mammalian egg is also surrounded by a layer of cells called the _____________cumulus
5. Red blood cells make ____________________________________________________globins
6. Protein synthesis is accomplished by ribosomes and ______________________________tRNA
7. Nucleosome is composed of an …..of histone proteins.________________________ octamer
8. The regulation of gene expression can be accomplished by

______________________________________________Selective messenger RNA translation

9. Development connects genotype and ___________________________________phenotype

10. Protocadherins play important in separating the notochord from the other mesodermal tissues

during …….gastrulation._______________________________________________ Xenopus

11.

12. controlling the efficiency and rate of transcription is _______________________Enhancer

13. Knowledge of gene activity in humans can be obtained by candidate gene mapping or

positional cloning. ________________________________________________both A and B

14. Which transcription factor, which is needed for mammalian eye, nervous system, and pancreas

15. Eukaryotic genes are contained within a complex of DNA and protein called ______chromatin

16. The "negative enhancers " are also called ________________________________silencers

17. The technique which is in situ hybridization is ___________________________Northern blots

18. Which transmit genes from parent to offspring, _______________________________fertilization

19. Sperm were discovered in ________________________________________________________1678

20. The RNA polymerase binds with in the start of transcription. _____________________Promoter

21. The study of how changes in development may cause evolutionary changes and of how an

organism's ancestry may constrain the types of changes that are possible_______________

________________________________________________________Evolutionary embryology

22. Cell fate becomes increasingly restricted until a cell is____________Terminally differentiated

23. The ------ is the hierarchical series of decisions involving specific pre-existing cell types.______

________________________________________________________ Developmental hierarchy

24.

_______________________________________________________________________Inductio

n

25. The ----- gives rise to the epidermis, nervous system, and pigment cells__________Ectoderm

26. The _____ generates the kidneys, gonads, bones, heart, and blood cells________Mesoderm

27. The _____forms the lining of the digestive tube and the respiratory system_______Endoderm

28. Potency is______property_______________________________________________Intrinsic

29. ______ is a discipline that studies embryonic and other developmental processes _____

__________________________________________________________Developmental biology

30. A cytoplasm that contains many nuclei is called a __________________________Syncytium

31. The study of animal development has traditionally been called_______________Embryology

32. ______is the entire range of the cell types a particular cell can give rise to in all possible

environments___________________________________________________________.Potency 33. In amphibians, metamorphosis is initiated by hormones from the tadpole's gland, and these

changes prepare an aquatic organism for a terrestrial existence?.___________________ Thyroid

34. All multicellular organisms arise by a slow process of progressive change called_________

__________________________________________________________________Development

35. Once the three germ layers are established, the cells interact with one another and rearrange

themselves to produce tissues and organs. This process is called_____________Organogenesis

36. _____of a cell is all the different cell types, its descendants can become during normal

development________________________________________________________________Fate

37. All the other cells of the body are called Somatic cells. This separation of somatic cells (which

give rise to the individual body) and germ cells (which contribute to the formation of a new

generation) is often one of the first differentiations to occur during animal development?.___ True

38.

______________________________________________________________________Induction

39. The male leopard frogs make their sperm in the summer, and by the time they begin

hibernation in autumn, they have all the sperm that are to be available for the following spring's

breeding

season?.__________________________________________________________________ True

40. In Drosophila, the anterior most portion of the egg contains an mRNA that encodes a protein

called____________________________________________________________________Bicoid

41.

42. Autonomous specification gives rise to a pattern of development referred to as_________

_____ _______________________________________________________Mosaic development

43. In morphogenesis, One hypothesis proposed on the base of Hammerling study is that, “The

nucleus synthesizes a stable mRNA that lies dormant in the cytoplasm until the time of cap

formation__________________________________________________________________True

44. The ______ animals are those who have ectoderm and endoderm, but no true

mesoderm?._________________________________________________________ Diploblastic

45. ____________in different species are those organs whose similarity is due to their sharing a

common ancestral structure___________________________________Homologous structures

46.

47. Two identical cells can follow ______ if one is exposed to an external signal (often secreted by

a different cell)___________________________________________________ Alternative fates

48. _____can be caused by genetic factors (mutations, aneuploidies, translocations) or by

environmental agents (certain chemicals, certain viruses, radiation)_____ Congenital anomalies

49. Cell fate is equal to potency plus______________________________________ Environment

50. _____is the study of how anatomy changes during the development of different Organisms_

___ _____________________________________________________Comparative embryology

51. Specification by differential acquisition of certain cytoplasmic molecules present in the egg is

Known as;-______________________________________________Autonomous specification

52. The ability of the embryonic cells to change their fates to compensate for the missing parts is

called________________________________________________________________Regulation

53. _____produce the same lineages in each embryo of the species________Invariant cleavage

54. In frogs, Estrogen Is A hormone that can instruct the ___to make and secrete the yolk proteins

which are then transported through the blood into the enlarging eggs in the ovary _________________Liver

55. In frogs, First, it allows the egg to complete its second meiotic division, which provides the egg

with a haploid pronucleus. The egg pronucleus and the sperm pronucleus will meet in the egg

cytoplasm to form the diploid zygotic nucleus?_____________________________________True

56. In most species of frogs, fertilization is_____. The male frog grabs the female's back and

fertilizes the eggs as the female frog releases them?.____________________________ External

57. Cytoplasmic determinants are the molecules in that can help to determine cell fate_Cytoplasm

58. Sex and reproduction are two ___ processes…__________ Different/ distinct and separable

59. In frogs. Another ovarian hormone, progesterone. signals the egg to resume its _____

division_________________________________________________________________.Meiotic

60. In frogs, the blastopore expands into a circle and cells migrating through this circle become the

lateral and ventral mesoderm the cell remaining on the outside become the _________Ectoderm 61. In frogs, A rod of mesodermal cells in the most dorsal portion of the embryo. At this stage, the

embryo is called a _____ . The neural precursor cells elongate, stretch, and fold into the embryo

forming the neural tube___________________________________________________Neurula

62. Rana pipiens usually lays around ____ eggs, while the bullfrog, Rana catesbiana, can lay as

many as 20,000. Some species lay their eggs in pond vegetation, and the jelly adheres to the

plants and anchors the eggs?__________________________________________________ 2500

63. Sex without reproduction is also common among _____ organisms?.___________ Unicellular

64. ________principles state that the general features of a large group of animals appear earlier in

the embryo than do the specialized features of a smaller group…____________.Karl von Baer’s

65. The individuals of each species, however, are divided into two mating types: plus and minus.

When a plus and a minus meet, they join their cytoplasm, and their nuclei fuse to form a diploid

zygote?___________________________________________________________________ True

66. Sex and reproduction are two distinct and separable processes. Reproduction involves the

creation of new individuals. Sex involves the combining of genes from two different individuals into

new arrangements?_________________________________________________________ True

67. The asymmetric distribution of cytoplasmic determinants indicates that the mechanism of

differentiation is entirely —____________________________________________Intrinsic series

68. If the frog is mature, the pituitary gland secretes ____ hormones that stimulate the ovary to

make_________________________________________________________________.Estrogen

69. Gastrulation in the frog begins at a point on the embryo surface roughly __ degrees Opposite

the point of sperm entry with the formation of a dimple, called the blastopore?..____________ 180

70. Metazoans belongs to one of _____ major branches…______________________________3

71. Autonomous specification was first demonstrated in 1887 by a French medical student-----------

--_______________________________________________________________ Laurent Chabry

72. Metazoans belong to one of……… major branches?________________________________3

73. Which Transcription factor is required for mammalian eye. nervous system, and pancreas

74. Rana pipiens usually lays around …..eggs, while the bullfrog, Rana catesbiana, can lay as

many as 20,000. Some species lay their eggs in pond vegetation, and the jelly adheres to the

plants and anchors the eqgs?________________________________________________2500

75.

76. MITF is required for ________the production of pigment cells and their pigments.

77. The _____ factors that initiate the acrosomal reaction in sea urchins are often highly specific to

each species?_________________________________________________________ Egg jelly

78. Major Events in the process of Fertilization are __________________________._________4

79. Sperm consists of __________________________________________.A haploid nucleus

80.

81. Only one sperm can ultimately fertilize the egg._________________________________ True

82. The egg white is known as the Yolk?________________________________________ False

83.

84. The exocytosis of the acrosomal vesicle is caused by the calcium-mediated fusion of the

acrosomal membrane with the adjacent sperm plasma membrane?___________________ True

85. Only one sperm can ultimately fertilize the egg.________________________________ True

86. The _____ factors that initiate the acrosomal reaction in sea urchins are often highly specific to

each species?_________________________________________________________ Egg jelly

87.

88. The exocytosis of the acrosomal vesicle is caused by the calcium-mediated fusion of the

acrosomal membrane with the adjacent sperm plasma membrane?__________________ True

89.

90.