ZOO501T Midterm Objective 2023 by Sulman Ali

OBJCTIVES OF CURRENT PAPER · ZOO501- DEVELOPMENT BIOLOGY · Mid-Term File 2023 By · SULMAN ALI (BS-ZOOLOGY)

1: Autonomous specification was first demonstrated in 1877 by a french medical students laurent chabry.chabry Desires to know causes of birth defects. 2:The division of embryo into 3 germ layers. 3: Teratology is the study of birth defects. 4:The embryo contains three germ layers ectoderm,endoderm, mesoderm. 5:The individual of each species however, are divided into two mating types minus and plus 6: fertilization transmit genes from parents to offspring. 7:Play a major role in eye formation Pax6.

9: Enhancers are DNA Sequences. 10:The most crucial difference between mammalian cleavage all other types involve the phenomenon of compation. 11:The blastomere cell cycle is governed by the synthesis and degradation of cyclia.

12. cell type specification precede ……. Scale embryonic cell migration? (large)
13. Conditional mode of commitment involve6s interactions with…..? (neighboring cells)
14. Knowledge of gene activity in humans can be obtained by candidate…. (gene mapping or

Positional cloning.)

15. sperm are attracted Toward eggs of their species by….. (chemotaxis)
16. …… contains little less Than half of the protein of the white, and most of the vitamins and minerals of the egg. (yolk)
17. Cortical ……. Are membrane-bound structures containing proteolytic enzymes. (granules)
18. finally, a fourth cortical granule protein ……. Forms a coating around the egg. (hyalin)
19. Upon fertilization, the intracellular ………. Concentration of the egg increases greatly. (Ca

ions)

20. resting membrane Potential is generally about …… (70 mV)
21. Mouse fertilin is localized to the posterior plasma membrane of the sperm….. (head)
22. The zona pellucida is a ………which is synthesized and secreted by the growing oocyte.

(glycoprotein matrix)

23. Fusion is an ……. Process, often mediated by specific “fusogenic” proteins. (active)
24. A.V Leeuwenhoek, the Dutch microscopist who co-discovered sperm in ……. (1678)
25. ……. Transcription factor, which is needed for mammalian eye, Nervous system, and
26. three germ layers are formed as a result gfof .. gastrulation.
27. During a process called cavitation, the trophoblast cells Secrete fluid into the morula to

create…… (blastocoel)

28. The pattern of embryonic cleavage particular to a species is determined by …… major parameters. (two).

29:red blood cells make globins. 30:The zona pellucida is a glycoprotein matrix 31: Microfilaments formed by polymerization of actin 32: Resact diffuses in sea water and has a profound at very low concentration. 33: Envelope contain at least eight different glycoprotein 34: Coding regions of DNA IS CALled exons. 35: In Anurans frog and toad . 36; The Regconition interaction between sperm and egg. 37: upon fertilization, the intracellular …. Concentration *calcium* 38: Activation of …. To start development *metabolism* 39: Animal development is the division of embryo into three layers ectoderm, mesoderm….*endoderm* 40: …loss. Of hydrogen ion causes pH to rise. 41: Germ layer are formed as the results of …. Gastrulation 42: Mesoderm generates are ….the kidney ,gonads ,bone , heart,and blood cells 43: Spallenazed demonstrate that filtered …..toad, semen devoid of sperm would not fertilize egg.

45: enhancers are….. critical regulation of normal development. 46: Between the blastoderm and yolk is species is called germinal cavity. 47: 3rd layers of development? Endoderm 48: Invariable cleavage leads same level 49:Tiny pores in egg shell?17000 50: The tail muscle cells from the yellow cresent 51: Of Hydrogen ions causes high pH? Loss 52: structural development of Avaian, reptilian and mammalian embryo is? Primitive streak 53: Cortical granules present below plasma membrane of egg? 15000 54: Transcription factors? 3 55: matrix of Zona pellucida made up of…….. matrix? Glycoprotein 56: Sperm discovered by A.V Leeuwenhoek in….? 1678 57: functional motor unit of flagella? Axoneme 58: MPF promotes? Mitosis 59: The eggs of birds and fishes have only one small area of the egg that is free of yolk (telolecithal eggs), 60: Sea urchin contain …….. cleavage in zygote? Radial 61: .....Who first use the term ecology … ernst Haeckel.. 62: ......when the ernst haeckel use the term .. 1869 63:..... the grass land in Tropical region …savana.. 64:…… in bones and teeth is 85%... phosphorus. 65:....grass land on earth…20%.. 66: steps of nitrogen fixation nitrification ,ammonification assimilation, all of these…answer …all of these . 67: One is effected the other is not .. ammensalism 68: sign for compition ..-/-… 69: Epilimnion where the water surface face the solar heat and temperature increases. 70: .. S and J shaped both growth curves can be used. 71: coniferous forest characterised by conifers ..gymnospeem ..or both .. the ans is both .. 72: ..the land of mid night sun.. tundra.. 73: hydro ..litho.. and atmosphere all include in ….. biosphere…

77:....Sea urchins exhibit which cleavage?..( radial holoblastic)