ZOO503 Final Term MCQs

Topic 81-160

A network of collagen fibers on which needlelike crystals of hydroxyapatite (a form of apatite, CaPO4) accumulate The Skeleton

Bone

Cartilage are the type of tissues which are progressively mineralized by:

Apatite

The first vertebrates had a _______ skeleton

Cartilaginous

The _____ appears in the early embryo as a strip of cells where the backbone will develop Jawless Fishes

neural crest

in __________, commonest vertebrates were the conodont animals

Late Cambrian and Ordovician

__________ Were jawless, generally armored

Ostracoderms

______ are the extinct genus of jawless fishes that lived in Devonian period.

Hemicyclaspis

They occur as phosphatic toothlike microfossils, termed elements.

Conodonts

Conodonts are divided into ____ groups

_______more complex, with cones, bars and blades

Euconodonts

The three main morphotypes of conodonts are:

Coniform, Ramiform, Pectiniform

• The basal vertebrates, lacked jaws, jaws probably evolved during the______

Ordovician

• Oldest jawbearing fishes were the_____

Placoderms

chondrichthyans were the first ______ like cartilaginous fishes

Shark

Small fishes, mostly in the range ______ in length.

50–200 mm

The _______ are Ancestors of most fishes today

Actinopterygians

The first good evidence of tetrapods were _____ long

0.6 and 1 m

______ are 4000 species of mainly small animals that live in or close to water

Half-way land animals

The oldest fossil form, with reduced limbs, is ______ in age

Jurassic

A part of amniotic egg that collects waste.

Allantois

_______ are Distinguished by the pattern of openings in the side of the skull

Late Carboniferous

The three major skull patterns seen in amniotes:

anapsid, diapsid and synapsid

All modern amniotes produce the ____ egg

Cleidoic

The oldest Turtles and relatives were _____ eaters

small insect

First synapsids were Grouped loosely as “_____”

Pelycosaurs

Reptiles typically have ____ bones in the lower jaw

Six

In mammals, there is a single bone in the lower jaw known as:

the dentary

As compared to the three tiny bones in human ear, reptiles have only one, known as:

stirrup or stapes

Dinosaurs famously ruled the Earth for _____ of the Mesozoic

160 Myr

The mammals achieved great diversity and abundance only after the extinction of:

Dinosaurs

A group, includes the dinosaurs, pterosaurs, crocodilians and birds.

Archosaurs

______ has a lightweight body, Narrow hatchet-shaped skull, a long narrow wing

Proficient flapping flyers

First true lizards are:

Lepidosaurs

The theropods and sauropodomorphs share the primitive _______ pattern

reptilian hip

All other dinosaurs share a unique hip pattern in which the pubis has swung back and runs parallel to:

Ischium

fish-shaped animals, adapted to life in the sea

The ichthyosaurs

Marine reptile ______ uses snake like neck for hunting the fish in water.

Plesiosaurs

The plesiosaur, ______ Swam by beating their paddles in a kind of “flying” motion.

Cryptoclidus

The most famous fossils of Oldest known bird were Found in Upper Jurassic sediments in southern Germany in

1861

Examples of Flightless ratites and ancestors of water birds

penguins and birds of prey

Small insect eaters in the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic Remained small through most of the:

Mesozoic

A classic example of an adaptive radiation due to development of teeth

Marsupials & Placentals

______ are early primates

Humans

• Homo sapiens means:

wise person

primates have Good _____ vision

binocular

_____ primates radiated in the Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene

Basal

______ in Marmosets and spider monkeys are used as extra limbs in swinging through the trees.

Prehensile Tails

• The _____ of Southeast Asia are the most primitive living apes

Gibbons

_____ of the DNA of Gorillas, chimpanzees and humans is identical.

>94%

In_____, two French teams announced human fossils that were 6 Ma.

2001 and 2002

The famous skeleton of a female P. afarensis from Ethiopia, called ____ by its discoverer